Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study
| dc.contributor.author | Ncayiyana, Jabulani R | |
| dc.contributor.author | Martinez, Leonardo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Goddard, Elizabeth | |
| dc.contributor.author | Myer, Landon | |
| dc.contributor.author | Zar, Heather J | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-10-12T14:22:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-10-12T14:22:13Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-04-29 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2021-05-24T15:09:32Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | Early-life vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse child health outcomes, but the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates in infants remains underexplored, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates among young infants in South Africa. This study included 744 infants, aged 6–10 weeks from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a population-based birth cohort. Infants were categorized into distinct categories based on serum 25(OH)D concentration level including deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (50–74 nmol/L), and sufficient (≥75 nmol/L). Using multivariable Tobit and logistic regression models, we examined the correlates of serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> levels. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 81% (95% confidence intervals (CI]) 78–83). Multivariable regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> concentration was independently associated with study site, socioeconomic status, and sex. Birth in winter and breastfeeding were the strongest predictors of lower serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> concentration levels. Compared to non-breastfed children, children breastfed were at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency (AOR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04–3.67) and breastfeeding for more than one month was associated with greater likelihood of vitamin D deficiency (AOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.37–12.32) and lower vitamin D concentrations (−16.22 nmol/L; 95% CI, −21.06, −11.39). Vitamin D deficiency in infants is ubiquitous, under-recognised, and strongly associated with season of birth and breastfeeding in this setting. Nutritional interventions with vitamin D supplementation in national health programs in low- and middle-income countries are urgently needed to improve early-life vitamin D status in infants. | en_US |
| dc.identifier | 10.3390/nu13051500 | |
| dc.identifier.apacitation | Ncayiyana, J. R., Martinez, L., Goddard, E., Myer, L., & Zar, H. J. (2021). Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study. <i>Nutrients</i>, 13(5), 1500. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35215 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.chicagocitation | Ncayiyana, Jabulani R, Leonardo Martinez, Elizabeth Goddard, Landon Myer, and Heather J Zar "Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study." <i>Nutrients</i> 13, 5. (2021): 1500. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35215 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.citation | Ncayiyana, J.R., Martinez, L., Goddard, E., Myer, L. & Zar, H.J. 2021. Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study. <i>Nutrients.</i> 13(5):1500. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35215 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.ris | TY - Journal Article AU - Ncayiyana, Jabulani R AU - Martinez, Leonardo AU - Goddard, Elizabeth AU - Myer, Landon AU - Zar, Heather J AB - Early-life vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse child health outcomes, but the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates in infants remains underexplored, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates among young infants in South Africa. This study included 744 infants, aged 6–10 weeks from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a population-based birth cohort. Infants were categorized into distinct categories based on serum 25(OH)D concentration level including deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (50–74 nmol/L), and sufficient (≥75 nmol/L). Using multivariable Tobit and logistic regression models, we examined the correlates of serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> levels. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 81% (95% confidence intervals (CI]) 78–83). Multivariable regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> concentration was independently associated with study site, socioeconomic status, and sex. Birth in winter and breastfeeding were the strongest predictors of lower serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> concentration levels. Compared to non-breastfed children, children breastfed were at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency (AOR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04–3.67) and breastfeeding for more than one month was associated with greater likelihood of vitamin D deficiency (AOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.37–12.32) and lower vitamin D concentrations (−16.22 nmol/L; 95% CI, −21.06, −11.39). Vitamin D deficiency in infants is ubiquitous, under-recognised, and strongly associated with season of birth and breastfeeding in this setting. Nutritional interventions with vitamin D supplementation in national health programs in low- and middle-income countries are urgently needed to improve early-life vitamin D status in infants. DA - 2021-04-29 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 5 J1 - Nutrients LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2021 T1 - Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study TI - Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35215 ER - | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35215 | |
| dc.identifier.vancouvercitation | Ncayiyana JR, Martinez L, Goddard E, Myer L, Zar HJ. Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1500. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35215. | en_ZA |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher.department | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine | en_US |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Faculty of Health Sciences | en_US |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_US |
| dc.source | Nutrients | en_US |
| dc.source.journalissue | 5 | en_US |
| dc.source.journalvolume | 13 | en_US |
| dc.source.pagination | 1500 | en_US |
| dc.title | Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study | en_US |
| dc.type | Journal Article | en_US |