The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa

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dc.contributor.authorMYller, Etienne E
dc.contributor.authorRebe, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorChirwa, Tobias F
dc.contributor.authorStruthers, Helen
dc.contributor.authorMcIntyre, James
dc.contributor.authorLewis, David A
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-08T06:20:29Z
dc.date.available2021-10-08T06:20:29Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractAbstract Background We investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated behavioural risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) attending a clinical service in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods MSM were enrolled at the Ivan Toms Centre for Men’s Health in Cape Town. A psychosocial and sexual behavioral risk questionnaire was completed for each participant and urine, oro-pharyngeal and anal swabs were collected for HPV testing using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine sexual risk factors associated with HPV infection at the three anatomical sites. Results The median age of all 200 participants was 32 years (IQR 26-39.5), of which 31.0 % were black, 31.5 % mixed race/coloured and 35.5 % white. The majority of the participants (73.0 %) had completed high school, 42.0 % had a tertiary level qualification and 69.0 % were employed. HPV genotypes were detected in 72.8 % [95 % CI: 65.9–79.0 %], 11.5 % [95 % CI: 7.4–16.8 %] and 15.3 % [95 % CI: 10.5–21.2 %] of anal, oro-pharyngeal and urine specimens, respectively. Prevalence of high-risk (HR)-HPV types was 57.6 % [95 % CI: 50.3–64.7 %] in anal samples, 7.5 % [95 % CI: 4.3–12.1 %] in oro-pharyngeal samples and 7.9 % [95 % CI: 4.5–12.7 %] in urine, with HPV-16 being the most common HR-HPV type detected at all sites. HPV-6/11/16/18 was detected in 40.3 % [95 % CI: 33.3–47.6 %], 4.5 % [95 % CI: 2.1–8.4 %] and 3.2 % [95 % CI: 1.2–6.8 %] of anal, oro-pharyngeal and urine samples, respectively. Multiple HPV types were more common in the anal canal of MSM while single HPV types constituted the majority of HPV infections in the oropharynx and urine. Among the 88 MSM (44.0 %) that were HIV positive, 91.8 % [95 % CI: 83.8–96.6 %] had an anal HPV infection, 81.2 % [95 % CI: 71.2–88.8 %] had anal HR-HPV and 85.9 % [95 % CI: 76.6–92.5 %] had multiple anal HPV types. Having sex with men only, engaging in group sex in lifetime, living with HIV and practising receptive anal intercourse were the only factors independently associated with having any anal HPV infection. Conclusions Anal HPV infections were common among MSM in Cape Town with the highest HPV burden among HIV co-infected MSM, men who have sex with men only and those that practiced receptive anal intercourse. Behavioural intervention strategies and the possible roll-out of HPV vaccines among all boys are urgently needed to address the high prevalence of HPV and HIV co-infections among MSM in South Africa.
dc.identifier.apacitationMYller, E. E., Rebe, K., Chirwa, T. F., Struthers, H., McIntyre, J., & Lewis, D. A. (2016). The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa. <i>BMC Infectious Diseases</i>, 16(1), 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34287en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationMYller, Etienne E, Kevin Rebe, Tobias F Chirwa, Helen Struthers, James McIntyre, and David A Lewis "The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa." <i>BMC Infectious Diseases</i> 16, 1. (2016): 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34287en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMYller, E.E., Rebe, K., Chirwa, T.F., Struthers, H., McIntyre, J. & Lewis, D.A. 2016. The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa. <i>BMC Infectious Diseases.</i> 16(1):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34287en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1471-2334
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - MYller, Etienne E AU - Rebe, Kevin AU - Chirwa, Tobias F AU - Struthers, Helen AU - McIntyre, James AU - Lewis, David A AB - Abstract Background We investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated behavioural risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) attending a clinical service in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods MSM were enrolled at the Ivan Toms Centre for Men’s Health in Cape Town. A psychosocial and sexual behavioral risk questionnaire was completed for each participant and urine, oro-pharyngeal and anal swabs were collected for HPV testing using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine sexual risk factors associated with HPV infection at the three anatomical sites. Results The median age of all 200 participants was 32 years (IQR 26-39.5), of which 31.0 % were black, 31.5 % mixed race/coloured and 35.5 % white. The majority of the participants (73.0 %) had completed high school, 42.0 % had a tertiary level qualification and 69.0 % were employed. HPV genotypes were detected in 72.8 % [95 % CI: 65.9–79.0 %], 11.5 % [95 % CI: 7.4–16.8 %] and 15.3 % [95 % CI: 10.5–21.2 %] of anal, oro-pharyngeal and urine specimens, respectively. Prevalence of high-risk (HR)-HPV types was 57.6 % [95 % CI: 50.3–64.7 %] in anal samples, 7.5 % [95 % CI: 4.3–12.1 %] in oro-pharyngeal samples and 7.9 % [95 % CI: 4.5–12.7 %] in urine, with HPV-16 being the most common HR-HPV type detected at all sites. HPV-6/11/16/18 was detected in 40.3 % [95 % CI: 33.3–47.6 %], 4.5 % [95 % CI: 2.1–8.4 %] and 3.2 % [95 % CI: 1.2–6.8 %] of anal, oro-pharyngeal and urine samples, respectively. Multiple HPV types were more common in the anal canal of MSM while single HPV types constituted the majority of HPV infections in the oropharynx and urine. Among the 88 MSM (44.0 %) that were HIV positive, 91.8 % [95 % CI: 83.8–96.6 %] had an anal HPV infection, 81.2 % [95 % CI: 71.2–88.8 %] had anal HR-HPV and 85.9 % [95 % CI: 76.6–92.5 %] had multiple anal HPV types. Having sex with men only, engaging in group sex in lifetime, living with HIV and practising receptive anal intercourse were the only factors independently associated with having any anal HPV infection. Conclusions Anal HPV infections were common among MSM in Cape Town with the highest HPV burden among HIV co-infected MSM, men who have sex with men only and those that practiced receptive anal intercourse. Behavioural intervention strategies and the possible roll-out of HPV vaccines among all boys are urgently needed to address the high prevalence of HPV and HIV co-infections among MSM in South Africa. DA - 2016 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 1 J1 - BMC Infectious Diseases LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2016 SM - 1471-2334 T1 - The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa TI - The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34287 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/34287
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationMYller EE, Rebe K, Chirwa TF, Struthers H, McIntyre J, Lewis DA. The prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2016;16(1):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34287.en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of Infectious Disease and HIV Med
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.sourceBMC Infectious Diseases
dc.source.journalissue1
dc.source.journalvolume16
dc.source.pagination174 - 177
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1706-9
dc.subject.otherUrine
dc.subject.otherMSM
dc.subject.otherAnal
dc.subject.otherSouth Africa
dc.subject.otherOro-pharyngeal
dc.subject.otherResearch Article
dc.subject.otherRisk factors
dc.subject.otherHPV
dc.subject.otherOropharynx
dc.subject.otherHumans
dc.subject.otherPapillomaviridae
dc.subject.otherSexually Transmitted Diseases
dc.subject.otherPapillomavirus Infections
dc.subject.otherHIV Infections
dc.subject.otherPrevalence
dc.subject.otherRisk Factors
dc.subject.otherCross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.otherHomosexuality
dc.subject.otherMale
dc.subject.otherGenotype
dc.subject.otherAdult
dc.subject.otherMiddle Aged
dc.subject.otherAnal Canal
dc.subject.otherHuman papillomavirus 16
dc.subject.otherHuman papillomavirus 6
dc.subject.otherYoung Adult
dc.subject.otherCoinfection
dc.titleThe prevalence of human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Cape Town, South Africa
dc.typeJournal Article
uct.type.publicationResearch
uct.type.resourceJournal Article
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