Papanicolaou smears and cervical inflammatory cytokine responses

dc.contributor.authorPassmore, Jo-Annen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMorroni, Chelseaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorShapiro, Samualen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWilliamson, Anna-Liseen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHoffman, Margareten_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-10-12T11:01:55Z
dc.date.available2015-10-12T11:01:55Z
dc.date.issued2007en_ZA
dc.description.abstractIn a case-control study among 2064 South African women to investigate the risk of clinically invasive cancer of the cervix, we found a marked reduction in the risk of cervical cancer among women who gave a history of ever having undergone even a single Pap smear, and a statistically significant decline in the HPV positivity rate correlated with the lifetime number of Pap smears received. HPV infections and their associated low-grade lesions commonly regress, indicating that most often there is an effective host immune response against HPV infection. We hypothesized that act of performing a Pap smear is associated with inflammatory responses at the site of trauma, the cervix, and that this inflammatory signalling may be an immunological factor initiating these productive anti-HPV responses. In the present study, a randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 80 healthy young women to investigate the impact of performing a Pap smear on cervical inflammation. Forty one women, in the intervention group, received a Pap smear at enrollment and cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) were collected at baseline and 2 weeks later. Thirty nine women received no intervention at enrollment (control group) but CVLs were collected at enrolment and 2 weeks later. We assessed various markers of inflammation including IL-12 p70, TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1beta in CVL specimens. While CVL levels of IL-8, IL-1beta and IL-6 remained unchanged following a Pap smear, markers of cell mediated immunity (IL-12 p70 and TNF-alpha) and T cell regulation (IL-10) were significantly elevated.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationPassmore, J., Morroni, C., Shapiro, S., Williamson, A., & Hoffman, M. (2007). Papanicolaou smears and cervical inflammatory cytokine responses. <i>Journal of Inflammation</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14218en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationPassmore, Jo-Ann, Chelsea Morroni, Samual Shapiro, Anna-Lise Williamson, and Margaret Hoffman "Papanicolaou smears and cervical inflammatory cytokine responses." <i>Journal of Inflammation</i> (2007) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14218en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationPassmore, J. A., Morroni, C., Shapiro, S., Williamson, A. L., & Hoffman, M. (2007). Papanicolaou smears and cervical inflammatory cytokine responses. Journal of Inflamm (Lond), 4(8).en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Passmore, Jo-Ann AU - Morroni, Chelsea AU - Shapiro, Samual AU - Williamson, Anna-Lise AU - Hoffman, Margaret AB - In a case-control study among 2064 South African women to investigate the risk of clinically invasive cancer of the cervix, we found a marked reduction in the risk of cervical cancer among women who gave a history of ever having undergone even a single Pap smear, and a statistically significant decline in the HPV positivity rate correlated with the lifetime number of Pap smears received. HPV infections and their associated low-grade lesions commonly regress, indicating that most often there is an effective host immune response against HPV infection. We hypothesized that act of performing a Pap smear is associated with inflammatory responses at the site of trauma, the cervix, and that this inflammatory signalling may be an immunological factor initiating these productive anti-HPV responses. In the present study, a randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 80 healthy young women to investigate the impact of performing a Pap smear on cervical inflammation. Forty one women, in the intervention group, received a Pap smear at enrollment and cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) were collected at baseline and 2 weeks later. Thirty nine women received no intervention at enrollment (control group) but CVLs were collected at enrolment and 2 weeks later. We assessed various markers of inflammation including IL-12 p70, TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1beta in CVL specimens. While CVL levels of IL-8, IL-1beta and IL-6 remained unchanged following a Pap smear, markers of cell mediated immunity (IL-12 p70 and TNF-alpha) and T cell regulation (IL-10) were significantly elevated. DA - 2007 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town J1 - Journal of Inflammation LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2007 T1 - Papanicolaou smears and cervical inflammatory cytokine responses TI - Papanicolaou smears and cervical inflammatory cytokine responses UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14218 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.uri10.1186/1476-9255-4-8en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/14218
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationPassmore J, Morroni C, Shapiro S, Williamson A, Hoffman M. Papanicolaou smears and cervical inflammatory cytokine responses. Journal of Inflammation. 2007; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14218.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltden_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Public Health and Family Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0en_ZA
dc.sourceJournal of Inflammationen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.journal-inflammation.com/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherCervical canceren_ZA
dc.subject.otherPapanicolaou smearsen_ZA
dc.titlePapanicolaou smears and cervical inflammatory cytokine responsesen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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