Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission

dc.contributor.authorWood, Robinen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRacow, Kimberlyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBekker, Linda-Gailen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMorrow, Carlen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMiddelkoop, Kerenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMark, Daniellaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLawn, Stephen Den_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-23T12:31:13Z
dc.date.available2015-11-23T12:31:13Z
dc.date.issued2012en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: We hypothesized that in South Africa, with a generalized tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, TB infection is predominantly acquired indoors and transmission potential is determined by the number and duration of social contacts made in locations that are conducive to TB transmission. We therefore quantified time spent and contacts met in indoor locations and public transport by residents of a South African township with a very high TB burden. METHODS: A diary-based community social mixing survey was performed in 2010. Randomly selected participants (n = 571) prospectively recorded numbers of contacts and time spent in specified locations over 24-hour periods. To better characterize age-related social networks, participants were stratified into ten 5-year age strata and locations were classified into 11 types. RESULTS: Five location types (own-household, other-households, transport, crèche/school, and work) contributed 97.2% of total indoor time and 80.4% of total indoor contacts. Median time spent indoors was 19.1 hours/day (IQR:14.3-22.7), which was consistent across age strata. Median daily contacts increased from 16 (IQR:9-40) in 0-4 year-olds to 40 (IQR:18-60) in 15-19 year-olds and declined to 18 (IQR:10-41) in ≥45 year-olds. Mean daily own-household contacts was 8.8 (95%CI:8.2-9.4), which decreased with increasing age. Mean crèche/school contacts increased from 6.2/day (95%CI:2.7-9.7) in 0-4 year-olds to 28.1/day (95%CI:8.1-48.1) in 15-19 year-olds. Mean transport contacts increased from 4.9/day (95%CI:1.6-8.2) in 0-4 year-olds to 25.5/day (95%CI:12.1-38.9) in 25-29 year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: A limited number of location types contributed the majority of indoor social contacts in this community. Increasing numbers of social contacts occurred throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, predominantly in school and public transport. This rapid increase in non-home socialization parallels the increasing TB infection rates during childhood and young adulthood reported in this community. Further studies of the environmental conditions in schools and public transport, as potentially important locations for ongoing TB infection, are indicated.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationWood, R., Racow, K., Bekker, L., Morrow, C., Middelkoop, K., Mark, D., & Lawn, S. D. (2012). Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationWood, Robin, Kimberly Racow, Linda-Gail Bekker, Carl Morrow, Keren Middelkoop, Daniella Mark, and Stephen D Lawn "Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission." <i>PLoS One</i> (2012) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationWood, R., Racow, K., Bekker, L. G., Morrow, C., Middelkoop, K., Mark, D., & Lawn, S. D. (2012). Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission. PLoS One, 7(6), e39246. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039246en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Wood, Robin AU - Racow, Kimberly AU - Bekker, Linda-Gail AU - Morrow, Carl AU - Middelkoop, Keren AU - Mark, Daniella AU - Lawn, Stephen D AB - BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that in South Africa, with a generalized tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, TB infection is predominantly acquired indoors and transmission potential is determined by the number and duration of social contacts made in locations that are conducive to TB transmission. We therefore quantified time spent and contacts met in indoor locations and public transport by residents of a South African township with a very high TB burden. METHODS: A diary-based community social mixing survey was performed in 2010. Randomly selected participants (n = 571) prospectively recorded numbers of contacts and time spent in specified locations over 24-hour periods. To better characterize age-related social networks, participants were stratified into ten 5-year age strata and locations were classified into 11 types. RESULTS: Five location types (own-household, other-households, transport, crèche/school, and work) contributed 97.2% of total indoor time and 80.4% of total indoor contacts. Median time spent indoors was 19.1 hours/day (IQR:14.3-22.7), which was consistent across age strata. Median daily contacts increased from 16 (IQR:9-40) in 0-4 year-olds to 40 (IQR:18-60) in 15-19 year-olds and declined to 18 (IQR:10-41) in ≥45 year-olds. Mean daily own-household contacts was 8.8 (95%CI:8.2-9.4), which decreased with increasing age. Mean crèche/school contacts increased from 6.2/day (95%CI:2.7-9.7) in 0-4 year-olds to 28.1/day (95%CI:8.1-48.1) in 15-19 year-olds. Mean transport contacts increased from 4.9/day (95%CI:1.6-8.2) in 0-4 year-olds to 25.5/day (95%CI:12.1-38.9) in 25-29 year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: A limited number of location types contributed the majority of indoor social contacts in this community. Increasing numbers of social contacts occurred throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, predominantly in school and public transport. This rapid increase in non-home socialization parallels the increasing TB infection rates during childhood and young adulthood reported in this community. Further studies of the environmental conditions in schools and public transport, as potentially important locations for ongoing TB infection, are indicated. DA - 2012 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0039246 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2012 T1 - Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission TI - Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039246
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationWood R, Racow K, Bekker L, Morrow C, Middelkoop K, Mark D, et al. Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission. PLoS One. 2012; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© 2012 Wood et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherTuberculosisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherInfectious disease epidemiologyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSchoolsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherChildrenen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAge groupsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherRespiratory infectionsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPediatric infectionsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSocial networksen_ZA
dc.titleIndoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmissionen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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