Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission
dc.contributor.author | Wood, Robin | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Racow, Kimberly | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Bekker, Linda-Gail | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Morrow, Carl | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Middelkoop, Keren | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Mark, Daniella | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Lawn, Stephen D | en_ZA |
dc.date.accessioned | 2015-11-23T12:31:13Z | |
dc.date.available | 2015-11-23T12:31:13Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2012 | en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract | BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that in South Africa, with a generalized tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, TB infection is predominantly acquired indoors and transmission potential is determined by the number and duration of social contacts made in locations that are conducive to TB transmission. We therefore quantified time spent and contacts met in indoor locations and public transport by residents of a South African township with a very high TB burden. METHODS: A diary-based community social mixing survey was performed in 2010. Randomly selected participants (n = 571) prospectively recorded numbers of contacts and time spent in specified locations over 24-hour periods. To better characterize age-related social networks, participants were stratified into ten 5-year age strata and locations were classified into 11 types. RESULTS: Five location types (own-household, other-households, transport, crèche/school, and work) contributed 97.2% of total indoor time and 80.4% of total indoor contacts. Median time spent indoors was 19.1 hours/day (IQR:14.3-22.7), which was consistent across age strata. Median daily contacts increased from 16 (IQR:9-40) in 0-4 year-olds to 40 (IQR:18-60) in 15-19 year-olds and declined to 18 (IQR:10-41) in ≥45 year-olds. Mean daily own-household contacts was 8.8 (95%CI:8.2-9.4), which decreased with increasing age. Mean crèche/school contacts increased from 6.2/day (95%CI:2.7-9.7) in 0-4 year-olds to 28.1/day (95%CI:8.1-48.1) in 15-19 year-olds. Mean transport contacts increased from 4.9/day (95%CI:1.6-8.2) in 0-4 year-olds to 25.5/day (95%CI:12.1-38.9) in 25-29 year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: A limited number of location types contributed the majority of indoor social contacts in this community. Increasing numbers of social contacts occurred throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, predominantly in school and public transport. This rapid increase in non-home socialization parallels the increasing TB infection rates during childhood and young adulthood reported in this community. Further studies of the environmental conditions in schools and public transport, as potentially important locations for ongoing TB infection, are indicated. | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.apacitation | Wood, R., Racow, K., Bekker, L., Morrow, C., Middelkoop, K., Mark, D., & Lawn, S. D. (2012). Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309 | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.chicagocitation | Wood, Robin, Kimberly Racow, Linda-Gail Bekker, Carl Morrow, Keren Middelkoop, Daniella Mark, and Stephen D Lawn "Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission." <i>PLoS One</i> (2012) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309 | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation | Wood, R., Racow, K., Bekker, L. G., Morrow, C., Middelkoop, K., Mark, D., & Lawn, S. D. (2012). Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission. PLoS One, 7(6), e39246. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039246 | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.ris | TY - Journal Article AU - Wood, Robin AU - Racow, Kimberly AU - Bekker, Linda-Gail AU - Morrow, Carl AU - Middelkoop, Keren AU - Mark, Daniella AU - Lawn, Stephen D AB - BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that in South Africa, with a generalized tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, TB infection is predominantly acquired indoors and transmission potential is determined by the number and duration of social contacts made in locations that are conducive to TB transmission. We therefore quantified time spent and contacts met in indoor locations and public transport by residents of a South African township with a very high TB burden. METHODS: A diary-based community social mixing survey was performed in 2010. Randomly selected participants (n = 571) prospectively recorded numbers of contacts and time spent in specified locations over 24-hour periods. To better characterize age-related social networks, participants were stratified into ten 5-year age strata and locations were classified into 11 types. RESULTS: Five location types (own-household, other-households, transport, crèche/school, and work) contributed 97.2% of total indoor time and 80.4% of total indoor contacts. Median time spent indoors was 19.1 hours/day (IQR:14.3-22.7), which was consistent across age strata. Median daily contacts increased from 16 (IQR:9-40) in 0-4 year-olds to 40 (IQR:18-60) in 15-19 year-olds and declined to 18 (IQR:10-41) in ≥45 year-olds. Mean daily own-household contacts was 8.8 (95%CI:8.2-9.4), which decreased with increasing age. Mean crèche/school contacts increased from 6.2/day (95%CI:2.7-9.7) in 0-4 year-olds to 28.1/day (95%CI:8.1-48.1) in 15-19 year-olds. Mean transport contacts increased from 4.9/day (95%CI:1.6-8.2) in 0-4 year-olds to 25.5/day (95%CI:12.1-38.9) in 25-29 year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: A limited number of location types contributed the majority of indoor social contacts in this community. Increasing numbers of social contacts occurred throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, predominantly in school and public transport. This rapid increase in non-home socialization parallels the increasing TB infection rates during childhood and young adulthood reported in this community. Further studies of the environmental conditions in schools and public transport, as potentially important locations for ongoing TB infection, are indicated. DA - 2012 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0039246 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2012 T1 - Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission TI - Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309 ER - | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039246 | |
dc.identifier.vancouvercitation | Wood R, Racow K, Bekker L, Morrow C, Middelkoop K, Mark D, et al. Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission. PLoS One. 2012; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15309. | en_ZA |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_ZA |
dc.publisher | Public Library of Science | en_ZA |
dc.publisher.department | Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine | en_ZA |
dc.publisher.faculty | Faculty of Health Sciences | en_ZA |
dc.publisher.institution | University of Cape Town | |
dc.rights | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | en_ZA |
dc.rights.holder | © 2012 Wood et al | en_ZA |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | en_ZA |
dc.source | PLoS One | en_ZA |
dc.source.uri | http://journals.plos.org/plosone | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Tuberculosis | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Infectious disease epidemiology | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Schools | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Children | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Age groups | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Respiratory infections | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Pediatric infections | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Social networks | en_ZA |
dc.title | Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission | en_ZA |
dc.type | Journal Article | en_ZA |
uct.type.filetype | Text | |
uct.type.filetype | Image | |
uct.type.publication | Research | en_ZA |
uct.type.resource | Article | en_ZA |
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