Peripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's disease

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dc.contributor.authorMinghetti, Luisaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGreco, Anitaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPuopolo, Mariaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCombrinck, Marcen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWarden, Donalden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSmith, A Daviden_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-10-12T10:52:57Z
dc.date.available2015-10-12T10:52:57Z
dc.date.issued2006en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND:Oxidative stress is believed to be an early event and a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression. In spite of an intensive search for surrogate markers to monitor changes related to oxidative stress in the brain, there is as yet no consensus about which markers to use in clinical studies. The measurement of peripheral anti-oxidants is an alternative way of evaluating the involvement of oxidative stress in the course of the disease. Given the complexity of peripheral anti-oxidant defence, variations in the levels of individual anti-oxidant species may not fully reflect the overall capacity to fight oxidant conditions. We therefore chose to evaluate the total reductive capacity (herein defined as anti-oxidant capacity, AOC) in serum from control subjects and AD patients in order to study the association between peripheral anti-oxidant defence, cognitive impairment and patient survival. METHODS: We measured the levels of AOC in serum samples from 26 cognitively normal controls and 25 AD patients (12 post-mortem confirmed) who completed the Cambridge Cognitive Assessment. Cognitive decline was assessed in a subgroup of 19 patients who underwent a second cognitive assessment 2 years after the initial visit. RESULTS: Serum AOC levels were lower in AD patients than in controls and were correlated with their cognitive test scores, although AOC levels were unrelated to cognitive decline assessed two years later. On the other hand, AOC levels were predictive of the length of patients' survival, with higher levels giving longer survival. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that peripheral anti-oxidant defences are depleted in AD patients. The results suggest that serum AOC is a good index of the general health status and prognosis of patients but does not necessarily reflect the extent to which vulnerable neuronal populations are protected from oxidant processes. Further studies are required to establish whether peripheral AOC measurements may be useful in identifying asymptomatic individuals or those with early symptoms at high risk of developing significant cognitive impairment or dementia.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationMinghetti, L., Greco, A., Puopolo, M., Combrinck, M., Warden, D., & Smith, A. D. (2006). Peripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's disease. <i>Journal of Neuroinflammation</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14171en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationMinghetti, Luisa, Anita Greco, Maria Puopolo, Marc Combrinck, Donald Warden, and A David Smith "Peripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's disease." <i>Journal of Neuroinflammation</i> (2006) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14171en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMinghetti, L., Greco, A., Puopolo, M., Combrinck, M., Warden, D., & Smith, A. D. (2006). Peripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neuroinflammation, 3(4).en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Minghetti, Luisa AU - Greco, Anita AU - Puopolo, Maria AU - Combrinck, Marc AU - Warden, Donald AU - Smith, A David AB - BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress is believed to be an early event and a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression. In spite of an intensive search for surrogate markers to monitor changes related to oxidative stress in the brain, there is as yet no consensus about which markers to use in clinical studies. The measurement of peripheral anti-oxidants is an alternative way of evaluating the involvement of oxidative stress in the course of the disease. Given the complexity of peripheral anti-oxidant defence, variations in the levels of individual anti-oxidant species may not fully reflect the overall capacity to fight oxidant conditions. We therefore chose to evaluate the total reductive capacity (herein defined as anti-oxidant capacity, AOC) in serum from control subjects and AD patients in order to study the association between peripheral anti-oxidant defence, cognitive impairment and patient survival. METHODS: We measured the levels of AOC in serum samples from 26 cognitively normal controls and 25 AD patients (12 post-mortem confirmed) who completed the Cambridge Cognitive Assessment. Cognitive decline was assessed in a subgroup of 19 patients who underwent a second cognitive assessment 2 years after the initial visit. RESULTS: Serum AOC levels were lower in AD patients than in controls and were correlated with their cognitive test scores, although AOC levels were unrelated to cognitive decline assessed two years later. On the other hand, AOC levels were predictive of the length of patients' survival, with higher levels giving longer survival. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that peripheral anti-oxidant defences are depleted in AD patients. The results suggest that serum AOC is a good index of the general health status and prognosis of patients but does not necessarily reflect the extent to which vulnerable neuronal populations are protected from oxidant processes. Further studies are required to establish whether peripheral AOC measurements may be useful in identifying asymptomatic individuals or those with early symptoms at high risk of developing significant cognitive impairment or dementia. DA - 2006 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/1742-2094-3-4 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - Journal of Neuroinflammation LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2006 T1 - Peripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's disease TI - Peripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's disease UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14171 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/14171
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-3-4
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationMinghetti L, Greco A, Puopolo M, Combrinck M, Warden D, Smith AD. Peripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2006; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14171.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltden_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of Neurologyen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0en_ZA
dc.sourceJournal of Neuroinflammationen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.jneuroinflammation.com/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherAlzheimers diseaseen_ZA
dc.subject.otheranti-oxidant defencesen_ZA
dc.titlePeripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's diseaseen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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