A high burden of hypertension in the urban black population of Cape Town: the cardiovascular risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) study

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dc.contributor.authorPeer, Nasheetaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSteyn, Kriselaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLombard, Carlen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGwebushe, Nomondeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLevitt, Naomien_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-28T06:52:15Z
dc.date.available2015-12-28T06:52:15Z
dc.date.issued2013en_ZA
dc.description.abstractObjective To determine the prevalence, associations and management of hypertension in the 25-74-year-old urban black population of Cape Town and examine the change between 1990 and 2008/09 in 25-64-year-olds. METHODS: In 2008/09, a representative cross-sectional sample, stratified for age and sex, was randomly selected from the same townships sampled in 1990. Cardiovascular disease risk factors were determined by administered questionnaires, clinical measurements and fasting biochemical analyses. Logistic regression models evaluated the associations with hypertension. RESULTS: There were 1099 participants, 392 men and 707 women (response rate 86%) in 2008/09. Age-standardised hypertension prevalence was 38.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.6-42.3) with similar rates in men and women. Among 25-64-year-olds, hypertension prevalence was significantly higher in 2008/09 (35.6%, 95% CI: 32.3-39.0) than in 1990 (21.6%, 95% CI: 18.6-24.9). In 2008/09, hypertension odds increased with older age, family history of hypertension, higher body mass index, problematic alcohol intake, physical inactivity and urbanisation. Among hypertensive participants, significantly more women than men were detected (69.5% vs. 32.7%), treated (55.7% vs. 21.9%) and controlled (32.4% vs. 10.4%) in 2008/09. There were minimal changes from 1990 except for improved control in 25-64-year-old women (1990∶14.1% vs. 2008/09∶31.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The high and rising hypertension burden in this population, its association with modifiable risk factors and the sub-optimal care provided highlight the urgent need to prioritise hypertension management. Innovative solutions with efficient and cost-effective healthcare delivery as well as population-based strategies are required.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationPeer, N., Steyn, K., Lombard, C., Gwebushe, N., & Levitt, N. (2013). A high burden of hypertension in the urban black population of Cape Town: the cardiovascular risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) study. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16073en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationPeer, Nasheeta, Krisela Steyn, Carl Lombard, Nomonde Gwebushe, and Naomi Levitt "A high burden of hypertension in the urban black population of Cape Town: the cardiovascular risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) study." <i>PLoS One</i> (2013) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16073en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationPeer, N., Steyn, K., Lombard, C., Gwebushe, N., & Levitt, N. (2012). A high burden of hypertension in the urban black population of Cape Town: the cardiovascular risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) study. PloS one, 8(11), e78567. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078567en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Peer, Nasheeta AU - Steyn, Krisela AU - Lombard, Carl AU - Gwebushe, Nomonde AU - Levitt, Naomi AB - Objective To determine the prevalence, associations and management of hypertension in the 25-74-year-old urban black population of Cape Town and examine the change between 1990 and 2008/09 in 25-64-year-olds. METHODS: In 2008/09, a representative cross-sectional sample, stratified for age and sex, was randomly selected from the same townships sampled in 1990. Cardiovascular disease risk factors were determined by administered questionnaires, clinical measurements and fasting biochemical analyses. Logistic regression models evaluated the associations with hypertension. RESULTS: There were 1099 participants, 392 men and 707 women (response rate 86%) in 2008/09. Age-standardised hypertension prevalence was 38.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.6-42.3) with similar rates in men and women. Among 25-64-year-olds, hypertension prevalence was significantly higher in 2008/09 (35.6%, 95% CI: 32.3-39.0) than in 1990 (21.6%, 95% CI: 18.6-24.9). In 2008/09, hypertension odds increased with older age, family history of hypertension, higher body mass index, problematic alcohol intake, physical inactivity and urbanisation. Among hypertensive participants, significantly more women than men were detected (69.5% vs. 32.7%), treated (55.7% vs. 21.9%) and controlled (32.4% vs. 10.4%) in 2008/09. There were minimal changes from 1990 except for improved control in 25-64-year-old women (1990∶14.1% vs. 2008/09∶31.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The high and rising hypertension burden in this population, its association with modifiable risk factors and the sub-optimal care provided highlight the urgent need to prioritise hypertension management. Innovative solutions with efficient and cost-effective healthcare delivery as well as population-based strategies are required. DA - 2013 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0078567 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2013 T1 - A high burden of hypertension in the urban black population of Cape Town: the cardiovascular risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) study TI - A high burden of hypertension in the urban black population of Cape Town: the cardiovascular risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) study UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16073 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/16073
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078567
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationPeer N, Steyn K, Lombard C, Gwebushe N, Levitt N. A high burden of hypertension in the urban black population of Cape Town: the cardiovascular risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) study. PLoS One. 2013; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16073.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© 2013 Peer et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherHypertensionen_ZA
dc.subject.otherCholesterolen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAlcohol consumptionen_ZA
dc.subject.otherHealth risk analysisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSouth Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBody mass indexen_ZA
dc.subject.otherDiabetes mellitusen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPublic and occupational healthen_ZA
dc.titleA high burden of hypertension in the urban black population of Cape Town: the cardiovascular risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) studyen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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