Effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy and household food security in rural areas of Kenya

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dc.contributor.authorM’Kaibi, Florence K
dc.contributor.authorSteyn, Nelia P
dc.contributor.authorOchola, Sophie
dc.contributor.authorDu Plessis, Lisanne
dc.date.accessioned2015-06-30T12:11:23Z
dc.date.available2015-06-30T12:11:23Z
dc.date.issued2015-04-25
dc.date.updated2015-05-19T18:02:05Z
dc.description.abstractAbstract Background Kenya has a high prevalence of underweight and stunting in children. It is believed that both agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rainfall influences household food security and dietary intake. In the present study we aimed to study the effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rains on dietary adequacy and household food security of preschool Kenyan children, and to identify significant relationships between these variables. Methods Two cross-sectional studies were undertaken in resource-poor households in rural Kenya approximately 6 months apart. Interviews were done with mothers/caregivers to collect data from randomly selected households (N = 525). A repeated 24-hour recall was used to calculate dietary intake in each phase while household food security was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). A nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was calculated for each nutrient as the percent of the nutrient meeting the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for that nutrient. A mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated as the mean of the NARs. Agricultural biodiversity was calculated for each household by counting the number of different crops and animals eaten either from domestic sources or from the wild. Results Dietary intake was low with the majority of households not meeting the RNIs for many nutrients. However intake of energy (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.01), iron (p < 0.01), zinc (p < 0.05), calcium (p < 0.05), and folate (p < 0.01) improved significantly from the dry to the rainy season. Household food security also increased significantly (p < 0.001) from the dry (13.1 SD 6.91) to the rainy season (10.9 SD 7.42). Agricultural biodiversity was low with a total of 26 items; 23 domesticated and 3 from the natural habitat. Agricultural biodiversity was positively and significantly related to all NARs (Spearman, p < 0.05) and MAR (Spearman, p < 0.001) indicating a significant positive relationship between agricultural biodiversity of the household with dietary adequacy of the child’s diet. Conclusion Important significant relationships were found in this study: between agricultural biodiversity and dietary adequacy; between agricultural biodiversity and household food security and between dietary adequacy and household food security. Furthermore, the effect of seasonality on household food security and nutrient intake was illustrated.
dc.identifier.apacitation, Steyn, N. P., Ochola, S., & Du Plessis, L. (2015). Effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy and household food security in rural areas of Kenya. <i>BMC Public Health</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13191en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitation, Nelia P Steyn, Sophie Ochola, and Lisanne Du Plessis "Effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy and household food security in rural areas of Kenya." <i>BMC Public Health</i> (2015) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13191en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationFlorence, K. M., Steyn, N. P., Ochola, S., & Du Plessis, L. (2015). Effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy and household food security in rural areas of Kenya. BMC public health, 15(1), 422.
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - M’Kaibi, Florence K AU - Steyn, Nelia P AU - Ochola, Sophie AU - Du Plessis, Lisanne AB - Abstract Background Kenya has a high prevalence of underweight and stunting in children. It is believed that both agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rainfall influences household food security and dietary intake. In the present study we aimed to study the effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rains on dietary adequacy and household food security of preschool Kenyan children, and to identify significant relationships between these variables. Methods Two cross-sectional studies were undertaken in resource-poor households in rural Kenya approximately 6 months apart. Interviews were done with mothers/caregivers to collect data from randomly selected households (N = 525). A repeated 24-hour recall was used to calculate dietary intake in each phase while household food security was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). A nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was calculated for each nutrient as the percent of the nutrient meeting the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for that nutrient. A mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated as the mean of the NARs. Agricultural biodiversity was calculated for each household by counting the number of different crops and animals eaten either from domestic sources or from the wild. Results Dietary intake was low with the majority of households not meeting the RNIs for many nutrients. However intake of energy (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.01), iron (p < 0.01), zinc (p < 0.05), calcium (p < 0.05), and folate (p < 0.01) improved significantly from the dry to the rainy season. Household food security also increased significantly (p < 0.001) from the dry (13.1 SD 6.91) to the rainy season (10.9 SD 7.42). Agricultural biodiversity was low with a total of 26 items; 23 domesticated and 3 from the natural habitat. Agricultural biodiversity was positively and significantly related to all NARs (Spearman, p < 0.05) and MAR (Spearman, p < 0.001) indicating a significant positive relationship between agricultural biodiversity of the household with dietary adequacy of the child’s diet. Conclusion Important significant relationships were found in this study: between agricultural biodiversity and dietary adequacy; between agricultural biodiversity and household food security and between dietary adequacy and household food security. Furthermore, the effect of seasonality on household food security and nutrient intake was illustrated. DA - 2015-04-25 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/s12889-015-1755-9 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - BMC Public Health LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2015 T1 - Effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy and household food security in rural areas of Kenya TI - Effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy and household food security in rural areas of Kenya UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13191 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/13191
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1755-9
dc.identifier.vancouvercitation, Steyn NP, Ochola S, Du Plessis L. Effects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy and household food security in rural areas of Kenya. BMC Public Health. 2015; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13191.en_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of Human Nutritionen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License*
dc.rights.holderM'Kaibi et al.; licensee BioMed Central.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0*
dc.sourceBMC Public Healthen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/
dc.subject.otherDietary intakeen_ZA
dc.subject.otherDietary adequacyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBiodiversityen_ZA
dc.subject.otherHousehold food securityen_ZA
dc.subject.otherKenyaen_ZA
dc.titleEffects of agricultural biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy and household food security in rural areas of Kenya
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetype
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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