Investigating seismicity in Cape Town: implications for active fault lines in the Western Cape, South Africa

dc.contributor.advisorQuiros, Ugalde Diego
dc.contributor.advisorSloan, Alastair
dc.contributor.authorVan Zyl, Wade
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-29T08:51:52Z
dc.date.available2026-01-29T08:51:52Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.date.updated2026-01-29T08:49:10Z
dc.description.abstractDespite being in a stable continental region (SCR), South Africa has experienced significant seismic activity. Historical records cite a possible 6.5 magnitude earthquake in Cape Town in 1809. On September 29, 1969, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck the Ceres-Tulbagh region, less than 100 km from the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station (KNPS) in Cape Town. Previous studies have found a relationship between enhanced micro-seismicity over long periods and source zones of historical SCR earthquakes. This thesis seeks to identify heightened micro-seismic activity on regional fault structures to infer potential source zones for the 1809 event and future damaging earthquakes. To achieve this, eighteen three-component geophones were deployed across a 40 by 35-kilometre area near the KNPS. The geophones recorded data from August to October 2021 and were located near the Ceres-Tulbagh region, Cape Town, the proposed Milnerton fault, and the Colenso fault zone. Seismicity around these fault zones was analyzed using machine learning, visual inspection, and Short-Time Average to Long-time Average (STA/LTA) algorithms. Thirty-five events were found, categorized into two groups of elevated seismicity: one group was located offshore, outside the study area, while the other was situated between the proposed Milnerton fault and the Colenso fault system. Within the second group, the Colenso fault system shows elevated micro-seismicity, indicating that it is potentially active. Additional findings suggest that machine learning and visual examination of waveform data are more accurate than STA/LTA algorithms combined with manual assessment at detecting micro-seismic phases and consequently events.
dc.identifier.apacitationVan Zyl, W. (2025). <i>Investigating seismicity in Cape Town: implications for active fault lines in the Western Cape, South Africa</i>. (). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Science ,Department of Geological Sciences. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42748en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationVan Zyl, Wade. <i>"Investigating seismicity in Cape Town: implications for active fault lines in the Western Cape, South Africa."</i> ., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Science ,Department of Geological Sciences, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42748en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationVan Zyl, W. 2025. Investigating seismicity in Cape Town: implications for active fault lines in the Western Cape, South Africa. . University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Science ,Department of Geological Sciences. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42748en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Van Zyl, Wade AB - Despite being in a stable continental region (SCR), South Africa has experienced significant seismic activity. Historical records cite a possible 6.5 magnitude earthquake in Cape Town in 1809. On September 29, 1969, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck the Ceres-Tulbagh region, less than 100 km from the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station (KNPS) in Cape Town. Previous studies have found a relationship between enhanced micro-seismicity over long periods and source zones of historical SCR earthquakes. This thesis seeks to identify heightened micro-seismic activity on regional fault structures to infer potential source zones for the 1809 event and future damaging earthquakes. To achieve this, eighteen three-component geophones were deployed across a 40 by 35-kilometre area near the KNPS. The geophones recorded data from August to October 2021 and were located near the Ceres-Tulbagh region, Cape Town, the proposed Milnerton fault, and the Colenso fault zone. Seismicity around these fault zones was analyzed using machine learning, visual inspection, and Short-Time Average to Long-time Average (STA/LTA) algorithms. Thirty-five events were found, categorized into two groups of elevated seismicity: one group was located offshore, outside the study area, while the other was situated between the proposed Milnerton fault and the Colenso fault system. Within the second group, the Colenso fault system shows elevated micro-seismicity, indicating that it is potentially active. Additional findings suggest that machine learning and visual examination of waveform data are more accurate than STA/LTA algorithms combined with manual assessment at detecting micro-seismic phases and consequently events. DA - 2025 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - earthquake KW - Cape Town KW - South Africa LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2025 T1 - Investigating seismicity in Cape Town: implications for active fault lines in the Western Cape, South Africa TI - Investigating seismicity in Cape Town: implications for active fault lines in the Western Cape, South Africa UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42748 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/42748
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationVan Zyl W. Investigating seismicity in Cape Town: implications for active fault lines in the Western Cape, South Africa. []. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Science ,Department of Geological Sciences, 2025 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42748en_ZA
dc.language.isoen
dc.language.rfc3066eng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Geological Sciences
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Science
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subjectearthquake
dc.subjectCape Town
dc.subjectSouth Africa
dc.titleInvestigating seismicity in Cape Town: implications for active fault lines in the Western Cape, South Africa
dc.typeThesis / Dissertation
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationlevelMSc
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