Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services

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dc.contributor.authorNthangeni, Gladys
dc.contributor.authorSteyn, Nelia P
dc.contributor.authorAlberts, Marianne
dc.contributor.authorSteyn, Krisela
dc.contributor.authorLevitt, Naomi S
dc.contributor.authorLaubscher, Ria
dc.contributor.authorBourne, Lesley
dc.contributor.authorDick, Judy
dc.contributor.authorTemple, Norman
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-08T07:15:55Z
dc.date.available2021-10-08T07:15:55Z
dc.date.issued2002
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVE: To determine the dietary intake, practices, knowledge and barriers to dietary compliance of black South African type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services in urban and rural areas. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls, and knowledge and practices by means of a structured questionnaire (n = 133 men, 155 women). In-depth interviews were then conducted with 25 of the patients to explore their underlying beliefs and feelings with respect to their disease. Trained interviewers measured weight, height and blood pressure. A fasting venous blood sample was collected from each participant in order to evaluate glycaemic control. SETTING: An urban area (Sheshego) and rural areas near Pietersburg in the Northern Province of South Africa. SUBJECTS: The sample comprised 59 men and 75 women from urban areas and 74 men and 80 women from rural areas. All were over 40 years of age, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year, and attended primary health-care services in the study area over a 3-month period in 1998. RESULTS: Reported dietary results indicate that mean energy intakes were low (< 70% of Recommended Dietary Allowance), 8086-8450 kJ day(-1) and 6967-7382 kJ day(-1) in men and women, respectively. Urban subjects had higher (P < 0.05) intakes of animal protein and lower ratios of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat than rural subjects. The energy distribution of macronutrients was in line with the recommendations for a prudent diet, with fat intake less than 30%, saturated fat less than 10% and carbohydrate intake greater than 55% of total energy intake. In most respects, nutrient intakes resembled a traditional African diet, although fibre intake was low in terms of the recommended 3-6 g/1000 kJ. More than 90% of patients ate three meals a day, yet only 32-47% had a morning snack and 19-27% had a late evening snack. The majority of patients indicated that they followed a special diet, which had been given to them by a doctor or a nurse. Only 3.4-6.1% were treated by diet alone. Poor glycaemic control was found in both urban and rural participants, with more than half of subjects having fasting plasma glucose above 8 mmol l(-1) and more than 35% having plasma glycosylated haemoglobin level above 8.6%. High triglyceride levels were found in 24 to 25% of men and in 17 to 18% of women. Obesity (body mass index > or = 30 kg m(-2)) was prevalent in 15 to 16% of men compared with 35 to 47% of women; elevated blood pressure (> or = 160/95 mmHg) was least prevalent in rural women (25.9%) and most prevalent in urban men (42.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of black, type 2 diabetic patients studied showed poor glycaemic control. Additionally, many had dyslipidaemia, were obese and/or had an elevated blood pressure. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicated that these patients frequently received incorrect and inappropriate dietary advice from health educators.
dc.identifier.apacitationNthangeni, G., Steyn, N. P., Alberts, M., Steyn, K., Levitt, N. S., Laubscher, R., ... Temple, N. (2002). Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services. <i>Public Health Nutrition</i>, 5(2), 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34722en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationNthangeni, Gladys, Nelia P Steyn, Marianne Alberts, Krisela Steyn, Naomi S Levitt, Ria Laubscher, Lesley Bourne, Judy Dick, and Norman Temple "Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services." <i>Public Health Nutrition</i> 5, 2. (2002): 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34722en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationNthangeni, G., Steyn, N.P., Alberts, M., Steyn, K., Levitt, N.S., Laubscher, R., Bourne, L. & Dick, J. et al. 2002. Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services. <i>Public Health Nutrition.</i> 5(2):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34722en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1368-9800
dc.identifier.issn1475-2727
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Nthangeni, Gladys AU - Steyn, Nelia P AU - Alberts, Marianne AU - Steyn, Krisela AU - Levitt, Naomi S AU - Laubscher, Ria AU - Bourne, Lesley AU - Dick, Judy AU - Temple, Norman AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the dietary intake, practices, knowledge and barriers to dietary compliance of black South African type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services in urban and rural areas. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls, and knowledge and practices by means of a structured questionnaire (n = 133 men, 155 women). In-depth interviews were then conducted with 25 of the patients to explore their underlying beliefs and feelings with respect to their disease. Trained interviewers measured weight, height and blood pressure. A fasting venous blood sample was collected from each participant in order to evaluate glycaemic control. SETTING: An urban area (Sheshego) and rural areas near Pietersburg in the Northern Province of South Africa. SUBJECTS: The sample comprised 59 men and 75 women from urban areas and 74 men and 80 women from rural areas. All were over 40 years of age, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year, and attended primary health-care services in the study area over a 3-month period in 1998. RESULTS: Reported dietary results indicate that mean energy intakes were low (< 70% of Recommended Dietary Allowance), 8086-8450 kJ day(-1) and 6967-7382 kJ day(-1) in men and women, respectively. Urban subjects had higher (P < 0.05) intakes of animal protein and lower ratios of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat than rural subjects. The energy distribution of macronutrients was in line with the recommendations for a prudent diet, with fat intake less than 30%, saturated fat less than 10% and carbohydrate intake greater than 55% of total energy intake. In most respects, nutrient intakes resembled a traditional African diet, although fibre intake was low in terms of the recommended 3-6 g/1000 kJ. More than 90% of patients ate three meals a day, yet only 32-47% had a morning snack and 19-27% had a late evening snack. The majority of patients indicated that they followed a special diet, which had been given to them by a doctor or a nurse. Only 3.4-6.1% were treated by diet alone. Poor glycaemic control was found in both urban and rural participants, with more than half of subjects having fasting plasma glucose above 8 mmol l(-1) and more than 35% having plasma glycosylated haemoglobin level above 8.6%. High triglyceride levels were found in 24 to 25% of men and in 17 to 18% of women. Obesity (body mass index > or = 30 kg m(-2)) was prevalent in 15 to 16% of men compared with 35 to 47% of women; elevated blood pressure (> or = 160/95 mmHg) was least prevalent in rural women (25.9%) and most prevalent in urban men (42.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of black, type 2 diabetic patients studied showed poor glycaemic control. Additionally, many had dyslipidaemia, were obese and/or had an elevated blood pressure. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicated that these patients frequently received incorrect and inappropriate dietary advice from health educators. DA - 2002 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 2 J1 - Public Health Nutrition LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2002 SM - 1368-9800 SM - 1475-2727 T1 - Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services TI - Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34722 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/34722
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationNthangeni G, Steyn NP, Alberts M, Steyn K, Levitt NS, Laubscher R, et al. Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services. Public Health Nutrition. 2002;5(2):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34722.en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Medicine
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.sourcePublic Health Nutrition
dc.source.journalissue2
dc.source.journalvolume5
dc.source.pagination174 - 177
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PHN2002256
dc.subject.otherAdult
dc.subject.otherAfrican Americans
dc.subject.otherAfrican Continental Ancestry Group
dc.subject.otherCross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.otherDiabetes Complications
dc.subject.otherDiabetes Mellitus
dc.subject.otherDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2
dc.subject.otherDiet Surveys
dc.subject.otherEnergy Intake
dc.subject.otherFemale
dc.subject.otherHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
dc.subject.otherHumans
dc.subject.otherHyperlipidemias
dc.subject.otherHypertension
dc.subject.otherInterviews as Topic
dc.subject.otherMale
dc.titleDietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services
dc.typeJournal Article
uct.type.publicationResearch
uct.type.resourceJournal Article
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