Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa

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dc.contributor.authorHoffman, Jacob
dc.contributor.authorCossie, Qhama
dc.contributor.authorAmetaj, Amantia A
dc.contributor.authorKim, Hannah H
dc.contributor.authorJames, Roxanne
dc.contributor.authorStroud, Rocky E
dc.contributor.authorStevenson, Anne
dc.contributor.authorZingela, Zukiswa
dc.contributor.authorStein, Dan J
dc.contributor.authorGelaye, Bizu
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-26T12:28:18Z
dc.date.available2022-10-26T12:28:18Z
dc.date.issued2022-07-18
dc.date.updated2022-07-24T03:11:46Z
dc.description.abstractBackground The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) is a short screening tool developed to identify, with good sensitivity, non-specific psychological distress in the general population. Sensitivity and specificity of the K-10 have been examined in various clinical populations in South Africa; however, other psychometric properties, such as construct validity and factor structure, have not been evaluated. We present evidence of the prevalence and severity of psychological distress in an outpatient setting in South Africa and evaluate the internal reliability, construct validity, and factor structure of the K-10 in this population. Methods We explored prevalence estimates of psychological distress using previously established cutoffs and assessed the reliability (consistency) of the K-10 by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, item-total correlations and omega total and hierarchical coefficients. Construct validity and factor structure of the K-10 were examined through split-sample exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), comparing several theoretical models and the EFA. Results Overall, there was low prevalence of psychological distress in our sample of 2591 adults, the majority of whom were between the ages of 18–44 (77.7%). The K-10 showed good construct validity and reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and omega total of 0.88. EFA yielded a four-factor solution with likely measurement artifacts. CFA showed that the four-factor model from EFA displayed the best comparative fit indices, but was likely overfitted. The unidimensional model with correlated errors was deemed the best fitting model based on fit indices, prior theory, and previous studies. Conclusion The K-10 displays adequate psychometric properties, good internal reliability, and good fit with a unidimensional-factor structure with correlated errors. Further work is required to determine appropriate cutoff values in different populations and clinical subgroups within South Africa to aid in determining the K-10’s clinical utility.en_US
dc.identifier.apacitationHoffman, J., Cossie, Q., Ametaj, A. A., Kim, H. H., James, R., Stroud, R. E., ... Gelaye, B. (2022). Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa. <i>BMC Psychology</i>, 10(1), 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36875en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationHoffman, Jacob, Qhama Cossie, Amantia A Ametaj, Hannah H Kim, Roxanne James, Rocky E Stroud, Anne Stevenson, Zukiswa Zingela, Dan J Stein, and Bizu Gelaye "Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa." <i>BMC Psychology</i> 10, 1. (2022): 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36875en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationHoffman, J., Cossie, Q., Ametaj, A.A., Kim, H.H., James, R., Stroud, R.E., Stevenson, A. & Zingela, Z. et al. 2022. Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa. <i>BMC Psychology.</i> 10(1):177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36875en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Hoffman, Jacob AU - Cossie, Qhama AU - Ametaj, Amantia A AU - Kim, Hannah H AU - James, Roxanne AU - Stroud, Rocky E AU - Stevenson, Anne AU - Zingela, Zukiswa AU - Stein, Dan J AU - Gelaye, Bizu AB - Background The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) is a short screening tool developed to identify, with good sensitivity, non-specific psychological distress in the general population. Sensitivity and specificity of the K-10 have been examined in various clinical populations in South Africa; however, other psychometric properties, such as construct validity and factor structure, have not been evaluated. We present evidence of the prevalence and severity of psychological distress in an outpatient setting in South Africa and evaluate the internal reliability, construct validity, and factor structure of the K-10 in this population. Methods We explored prevalence estimates of psychological distress using previously established cutoffs and assessed the reliability (consistency) of the K-10 by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, item-total correlations and omega total and hierarchical coefficients. Construct validity and factor structure of the K-10 were examined through split-sample exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), comparing several theoretical models and the EFA. Results Overall, there was low prevalence of psychological distress in our sample of 2591 adults, the majority of whom were between the ages of 18–44 (77.7%). The K-10 showed good construct validity and reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and omega total of 0.88. EFA yielded a four-factor solution with likely measurement artifacts. CFA showed that the four-factor model from EFA displayed the best comparative fit indices, but was likely overfitted. The unidimensional model with correlated errors was deemed the best fitting model based on fit indices, prior theory, and previous studies. Conclusion The K-10 displays adequate psychometric properties, good internal reliability, and good fit with a unidimensional-factor structure with correlated errors. Further work is required to determine appropriate cutoff values in different populations and clinical subgroups within South Africa to aid in determining the K-10’s clinical utility. DA - 2022-07-18 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 1 J1 - BMC Psychology KW - Factor analysis, statistical KW - Prevalence KW - Psychological distress KW - Psychometrics KW - South Africa KW - Theoretical models KW - Validity and reliability LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2022 T1 - Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa TI - Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36875 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00883-9
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/36875
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationHoffman J, Cossie Q, Ametaj AA, Kim HH, James R, Stroud RE, et al. Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa. BMC Psychology. 2022;10(1):177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36875.en_ZA
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Healthen_US
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_US
dc.rights.holderThe Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceBMC Psychologyen_US
dc.source.journalissue1en_US
dc.source.journalvolume10en_US
dc.source.pagination177en_US
dc.source.urihttps://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/
dc.subjectFactor analysis, statisticalen_US
dc.subjectPrevalenceen_US
dc.subjectPsychological distressen_US
dc.subjectPsychometricsen_US
dc.subjectSouth Africaen_US
dc.subjectTheoretical modelsen_US
dc.subjectValidity and reliabilityen_US
dc.titleConstruct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africaen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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