Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing

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dc.contributor.authorSchafer, Carol Lindaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2017-10-27T06:41:27Z
dc.date.available2017-10-27T06:41:27Z
dc.date.issued1989en_ZA
dc.date.updated2017-04-21T14:14:23Z
dc.description.abstractWheelchair-bound paraplegics are in an unnatural, almost all-day sitting position. This is physiologically disadvantageous as it may cause increased abdominal pressure, renal dysfunction, pressure sores, muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. Thus it would be beneficial, physiologically and psychologically, for a paraplegic to be able to stand for temporary periods of time. As a result of the muscle atrophy and functional degeneration that follows a spinal cord injury, it is essential for paraplegics to undergo a muscle restrengthening program, using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS), before standing up under FNS control can be attempted. Six healthy spinal cord injured subjects with spinal lesions between CS and T9 (two tetraplegics and four paraplegics) exercised their quadriceps muscles at home using a portable two-channel FNS muscle stimulator. The muscles were exercised against an increasing load to maximise the training effect. Inclined standing exercise, under FNS control, was performed in the Inclistand. The subjects' general state of health and fitness were assessed, namely their responses during a maximal arm ergometry exercise test, arm muscle function, lung function, blood biochemistry and their dietary habits. Subjects have shown improvement in quadriceps muscle strength, fatigue resistance and muscle bulk to varying degrees - according to their individual circumstances. The tetraplegics responded in a different manner to that of the paraplegics. The muscle strength increased significantly by a mean (+SD) of 97,8 + 59,6% and 171,2 + 118,1% for the four paraplegics, left and right leg respectively. There was a mean improvement of 16% in fatigue resistance in the left leg (p=0,08), while the mean response of the right leg varied. Quadriceps muscle bulk increased by 4,43 + 3,4% (left) and 2,7 + 2,1% (right) (0,05<p<0,l). The amount of subcutaneous fat around the mid-thigh decreased significantly by 4,73 + 1,4% (left) and 3,43 + 1,1% (right leg). The group was in a state of general well-being, with the exception of one subject whose serum cholesterol concentration fell within the high risk category. This study therefore showed that the FNS was sucessful in improving the quadriceps muscle strength, bulk and fatigue response of the SCI people in our research group. The valuable experience gained from this FNS study will be used to improve the present program.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationSchafer, C. L. (1989). <i>Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing</i>. (Thesis). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,MRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicine. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25845en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationSchafer, Carol Linda. <i>"Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing."</i> Thesis., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,MRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicine, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25845en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationSchafer, C. 1989. Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Schafer, Carol Linda AB - Wheelchair-bound paraplegics are in an unnatural, almost all-day sitting position. This is physiologically disadvantageous as it may cause increased abdominal pressure, renal dysfunction, pressure sores, muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. Thus it would be beneficial, physiologically and psychologically, for a paraplegic to be able to stand for temporary periods of time. As a result of the muscle atrophy and functional degeneration that follows a spinal cord injury, it is essential for paraplegics to undergo a muscle restrengthening program, using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS), before standing up under FNS control can be attempted. Six healthy spinal cord injured subjects with spinal lesions between CS and T9 (two tetraplegics and four paraplegics) exercised their quadriceps muscles at home using a portable two-channel FNS muscle stimulator. The muscles were exercised against an increasing load to maximise the training effect. Inclined standing exercise, under FNS control, was performed in the Inclistand. The subjects' general state of health and fitness were assessed, namely their responses during a maximal arm ergometry exercise test, arm muscle function, lung function, blood biochemistry and their dietary habits. Subjects have shown improvement in quadriceps muscle strength, fatigue resistance and muscle bulk to varying degrees - according to their individual circumstances. The tetraplegics responded in a different manner to that of the paraplegics. The muscle strength increased significantly by a mean (+SD) of 97,8 + 59,6% and 171,2 + 118,1% for the four paraplegics, left and right leg respectively. There was a mean improvement of 16% in fatigue resistance in the left leg (p=0,08), while the mean response of the right leg varied. Quadriceps muscle bulk increased by 4,43 + 3,4% (left) and 2,7 + 2,1% (right) (0,05&lt;p&lt;0,l). The amount of subcutaneous fat around the mid-thigh decreased significantly by 4,73 + 1,4% (left) and 3,43 + 1,1% (right leg). The group was in a state of general well-being, with the exception of one subject whose serum cholesterol concentration fell within the high risk category. This study therefore showed that the FNS was sucessful in improving the quadriceps muscle strength, bulk and fatigue response of the SCI people in our research group. The valuable experience gained from this FNS study will be used to improve the present program. DA - 1989 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 1989 T1 - Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing TI - Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25845 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/25845
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationSchafer CL. Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,MRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicine, 1989 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25845en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentMRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherElectrotherapeuticsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherExercise therapyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherParaplegia - Exercise therapyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSpinal cord - Wounds and injuriesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherElectrotherapyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherExercise therapyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherParaplegia - Therapyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSpinal cord injuries - Therapyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSports Scienceen_ZA
dc.titleDevelopment of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standingen_ZA
dc.typeMaster Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationnameMSc (Med)en_ZA
uct.type.filetype
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceThesisen_ZA
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