Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships

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dc.contributor.advisorTredoux, Colin
dc.contributor.authorMac Donnell, Jade
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-26T13:42:43Z
dc.date.available2025-11-26T13:42:43Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.date.updated2025-11-26T13:40:10Z
dc.description.abstractIdentification performance is poorer for ethnic outgroup members relative to in-group members (Laurence et al., 2016). This outgroup identification deficit is referred to in this thesis as the Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect (OENE). Such misidentifications, while often earnest, translate into wrongful convictions with a high fiscal and social cost. Consequently, while the theoretical underpinnings thereof and means with which to attenuate such an identification deficit have been extensively studied, a paradoxical finding has emerged with regard to outgroup contact and the OENE. Outgroup contact is central to theoretical explanations of the OENE and higher levels of outgroup contact have been associated with improvements in outgroup identification performance and yet, the strength of the observed relationship between outgroup contact and the OENE remains small (Meissner & Brigham, 2001; Singh et al., 2021; Young et al., 2012). This research therefore sought to investigate this relationship by including and accounting for the influence of outgroup prejudice. This meta-analysis aggregated 53 years of research on the outgroup prejudice, outgroup contact, and OENE relationships and made use of matched-to-sample outgroup prejudice data to explore the moderating role of outgroup prejudice. Included studies tested memory for outgroup faces via an identification task and the final sample included data from 8418 participants spanning 54 studies. Consistent with prior studies, all outgroup contact OENE relationships were small in strength and affirmed the associated gains in outgroup identification performance when outgroup contact increased. Higher outgroup prejudice was associated with a reduction in outgroup contact and higher outgroup prejudice was associated with a decrement in outgroup identification performance. The findings support the tri directional relationship between outgroup contact, outgroup prejudice and the OENE. Future studies should not ignore the interconnected nature thereof and should measure outgroup prejudice alongside outgroup contact and OENE data.
dc.identifier.apacitationMac Donnell, J. (2025). <i>Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships</i>. (). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Humanities ,Department of Psychology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42360en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationMac Donnell, Jade. <i>"Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships."</i> ., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Humanities ,Department of Psychology, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42360en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMac Donnell, J. 2025. Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships. . University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Humanities ,Department of Psychology. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42360en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Mac Donnell, Jade AB - Identification performance is poorer for ethnic outgroup members relative to in-group members (Laurence et al., 2016). This outgroup identification deficit is referred to in this thesis as the Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect (OENE). Such misidentifications, while often earnest, translate into wrongful convictions with a high fiscal and social cost. Consequently, while the theoretical underpinnings thereof and means with which to attenuate such an identification deficit have been extensively studied, a paradoxical finding has emerged with regard to outgroup contact and the OENE. Outgroup contact is central to theoretical explanations of the OENE and higher levels of outgroup contact have been associated with improvements in outgroup identification performance and yet, the strength of the observed relationship between outgroup contact and the OENE remains small (Meissner &amp; Brigham, 2001; Singh et al., 2021; Young et al., 2012). This research therefore sought to investigate this relationship by including and accounting for the influence of outgroup prejudice. This meta-analysis aggregated 53 years of research on the outgroup prejudice, outgroup contact, and OENE relationships and made use of matched-to-sample outgroup prejudice data to explore the moderating role of outgroup prejudice. Included studies tested memory for outgroup faces via an identification task and the final sample included data from 8418 participants spanning 54 studies. Consistent with prior studies, all outgroup contact OENE relationships were small in strength and affirmed the associated gains in outgroup identification performance when outgroup contact increased. Higher outgroup prejudice was associated with a reduction in outgroup contact and higher outgroup prejudice was associated with a decrement in outgroup identification performance. The findings support the tri directional relationship between outgroup contact, outgroup prejudice and the OENE. Future studies should not ignore the interconnected nature thereof and should measure outgroup prejudice alongside outgroup contact and OENE data. DA - 2025 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect KW - Meta-analysis KW - Outgroup Identification KW - Outgroup Recognition KW - Merged Prejudice Data KW - Own race bias KW - Own race effect KW - Own group bias LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2025 T1 - Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships TI - Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42360 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/42360
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationMac Donnell J. Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships. []. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Humanities ,Department of Psychology, 2025 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42360en_ZA
dc.language.isoen
dc.language.rfc3066eng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Psychology
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Humanities
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subjectOutgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect
dc.subjectMeta-analysis
dc.subjectOutgroup Identification
dc.subjectOutgroup Recognition
dc.subjectMerged Prejudice Data
dc.subjectOwn race bias
dc.subjectOwn race effect
dc.subjectOwn group bias
dc.titleMeta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships
dc.typeThesis / Dissertation
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationlevelMA
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