East African cassava mosaic-like viruses from Africa to Indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirus

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dc.contributor.authorDe Bruyn, Alexandreen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVillemot, Julieen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLefeuvre, Pierreen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVillar, Emilieen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHoareau, Murielleen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHarimalala, Mireilleen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAbdoul-Karime, Anlien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAbdou-Chakour, Chadhouliatien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorReynaud, Bernarden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHarkins, Gordonen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVarsani, Arvinden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Darrenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLett, Jean-Michelen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-18T03:58:39Z
dc.date.available2015-11-18T03:58:39Z
dc.date.issued2012en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a major food source for over 200 million sub-Saharan Africans. Unfortunately, its cultivation is severely hampered by cassava mosaic disease (CMD). Caused by a complex of bipartite cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMG) species (Family: Geminivirideae; Genus: Begomovirus) CMD has been widely described throughout Africa and it is apparent that CMG's are expanding their geographical distribution. Determining where and when CMG movements have occurred could help curtail its spread and reveal the ecological and anthropic factors associated with similar viral invasions. We applied Bayesian phylogeographic inference and recombination analyses to available and newly described CMG sequences to reconstruct a plausible history of CMG diversification and migration between Africa and South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. RESULTS: The isolation and analysis of 114 DNA-A and 41 DNA-B sequences demonstrated the presence of three CMG species circulating in the Comoros and Seychelles archipelagos (East African cassava mosaic virus, EACMV; East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus, EACMKV; and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus, EACMCV). Phylogeographic analyses suggest that CMG's presence on these SWIO islands is probably the result of at least four independent introduction events from mainland Africa occurring between 1988 and 2009. Amongst the islands of the Comoros archipelago, two major migration pathways were inferred: One from Grande Comore to Moheli and the second from Mayotte to Anjouan. While only two recombination events characteristic of SWIO islands isolates were identified, numerous re-assortments events were detected between EACMV and EACMKV, which seem to almost freely interchange their genome components. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid and extensive virus spread within the SWIO islands was demonstrated for three CMG complex species. Strong evolutionary or ecological interaction between CMG species may explain both their propensity to exchange components and the absence of recombination with non-CMG begomoviruses. Our results suggest an important role of anthropic factors in CMGs spread as the principal axes of viral migration correspond with major routes of human movement and commercial trade. Finer-scale temporal analyses of CMGs to precisely scale the relative contributions of human and insect transmission to their movement dynamics will require further extensive sampling in the SWIO region.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationDe Bruyn, A., Villemot, J., Lefeuvre, P., Villar, E., Hoareau, M., Harimalala, M., ... Lett, J. (2012). East African cassava mosaic-like viruses from Africa to Indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirus. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15075en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationDe Bruyn, Alexandre, Julie Villemot, Pierre Lefeuvre, Emilie Villar, Murielle Hoareau, Mireille Harimalala, Anli Abdoul-Karime, et al "East African cassava mosaic-like viruses from Africa to Indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirus." <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i> (2012) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15075en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationDe Bruyn, A., Villemot, J., Lefeuvre, P., Villar, E., Hoareau, M., Harimalala, M., ... & Lett, J. M. (2012). East African cassava mosaic-like viruses from Africa to Indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirus. BMC evolutionary biology, 12(1), 228.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - De Bruyn, Alexandre AU - Villemot, Julie AU - Lefeuvre, Pierre AU - Villar, Emilie AU - Hoareau, Murielle AU - Harimalala, Mireille AU - Abdoul-Karime, Anli AU - Abdou-Chakour, Chadhouliati AU - Reynaud, Bernard AU - Harkins, Gordon AU - Varsani, Arvind AU - Martin, Darren AU - Lett, Jean-Michel AB - BACKGROUND: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a major food source for over 200 million sub-Saharan Africans. Unfortunately, its cultivation is severely hampered by cassava mosaic disease (CMD). Caused by a complex of bipartite cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMG) species (Family: Geminivirideae; Genus: Begomovirus) CMD has been widely described throughout Africa and it is apparent that CMG's are expanding their geographical distribution. Determining where and when CMG movements have occurred could help curtail its spread and reveal the ecological and anthropic factors associated with similar viral invasions. We applied Bayesian phylogeographic inference and recombination analyses to available and newly described CMG sequences to reconstruct a plausible history of CMG diversification and migration between Africa and South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. RESULTS: The isolation and analysis of 114 DNA-A and 41 DNA-B sequences demonstrated the presence of three CMG species circulating in the Comoros and Seychelles archipelagos (East African cassava mosaic virus, EACMV; East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus, EACMKV; and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus, EACMCV). Phylogeographic analyses suggest that CMG's presence on these SWIO islands is probably the result of at least four independent introduction events from mainland Africa occurring between 1988 and 2009. Amongst the islands of the Comoros archipelago, two major migration pathways were inferred: One from Grande Comore to Moheli and the second from Mayotte to Anjouan. While only two recombination events characteristic of SWIO islands isolates were identified, numerous re-assortments events were detected between EACMV and EACMKV, which seem to almost freely interchange their genome components. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid and extensive virus spread within the SWIO islands was demonstrated for three CMG complex species. Strong evolutionary or ecological interaction between CMG species may explain both their propensity to exchange components and the absence of recombination with non-CMG begomoviruses. Our results suggest an important role of anthropic factors in CMGs spread as the principal axes of viral migration correspond with major routes of human movement and commercial trade. Finer-scale temporal analyses of CMGs to precisely scale the relative contributions of human and insect transmission to their movement dynamics will require further extensive sampling in the SWIO region. DA - 2012 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/1471-2148-12-228 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - BMC Evolutionary Biology LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2012 T1 - East African cassava mosaic-like viruses from Africa to Indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirus TI - East African cassava mosaic-like viruses from Africa to Indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirus UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15075 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15075
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-228
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationDe Bruyn A, Villemot J, Lefeuvre P, Villar E, Hoareau M, Harimalala M, et al. East African cassava mosaic-like viruses from Africa to Indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirus. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2012; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15075.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltden_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.holder2012 De Bruyn et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0en_ZA
dc.sourceBMC Evolutionary Biologyen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcevolbiol/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherCassava (Manihot esculenta)en_ZA
dc.subject.othersub-Saharan Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.othercassava mosaic disease (CMD)en_ZA
dc.titleEast African cassava mosaic-like viruses from Africa to Indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirusen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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