Low-power transcutaneous current stimulator for wearable applications

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dc.contributor.authorGargiulo, Gaetano D
dc.contributor.authorvan Schaik, André
dc.contributor.authorMcIntyre, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorBreen, Paul P
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-08T06:20:17Z
dc.date.available2021-10-08T06:20:17Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Peripheral neuropathic desensitization associated with aging, diabetes, alcoholism and HIV/AIDS, affects tens of millions of people worldwide, and there is little or no treatment available to improve sensory function. Recent studies that apply imperceptible continuous vibration or electrical stimulation have shown promise in improving sensitivity in both diseased and healthy participants. This class of interventions only has an effect during application, necessitating the design of a wearable device for everyday use. We present a circuit that allows for a low-power, low-cost and small form factor implementation of a current stimulator for the continuous application of subthreshold currents. RESULTS: This circuit acts as a voltage-to-current converter and has been tested to drive + 1 to - 1 mA into a 60 k[Formula: see text] load from DC to 1 kHz. Driving a 60 k[Formula: see text] load with a 2 mA peak-to-peak 1 kHz sinusoid, the circuit draws less than 21 mA from a 9 V source. The minimum operating current of the circuit is less than 12 mA. Voltage compliance is ± 60 V with just 1.02 mA drawn by the high voltage current drive circuitry. The circuit was implemented as a compact 46 mm × 21 mm two-layer PCB highlighting its potential for use in a body-worn device. CONCLUSIONS: No design to the best of our knowledge presents comparably low quiescent power with such high voltage compliance. This makes the design uniquely appropriate for low-power transcutaneous current stimulation in wearable applications. Further development of driving and instrumentation circuitry is recommended.
dc.identifier.apacitationGargiulo, G. D., van Schaik, A., McIntyre, S., & Breen, P. P. (2017). Low-power transcutaneous current stimulator for wearable applications. <i>BioMedical Engineering OnLine</i>, 16(1), 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34243en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationGargiulo, Gaetano D, André van Schaik, Sarah McIntyre, and Paul P Breen "Low-power transcutaneous current stimulator for wearable applications." <i>BioMedical Engineering OnLine</i> 16, 1. (2017): 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34243en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGargiulo, G.D., van Schaik, A., McIntyre, S. & Breen, P.P. 2017. Low-power transcutaneous current stimulator for wearable applications. <i>BioMedical Engineering OnLine.</i> 16(1):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34243en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1475-925X
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Gargiulo, Gaetano D AU - van Schaik, André AU - McIntyre, Sarah AU - Breen, Paul P AB - BACKGROUND: Peripheral neuropathic desensitization associated with aging, diabetes, alcoholism and HIV/AIDS, affects tens of millions of people worldwide, and there is little or no treatment available to improve sensory function. Recent studies that apply imperceptible continuous vibration or electrical stimulation have shown promise in improving sensitivity in both diseased and healthy participants. This class of interventions only has an effect during application, necessitating the design of a wearable device for everyday use. We present a circuit that allows for a low-power, low-cost and small form factor implementation of a current stimulator for the continuous application of subthreshold currents. RESULTS: This circuit acts as a voltage-to-current converter and has been tested to drive + 1 to - 1 mA into a 60 k[Formula: see text] load from DC to 1 kHz. Driving a 60 k[Formula: see text] load with a 2 mA peak-to-peak 1 kHz sinusoid, the circuit draws less than 21 mA from a 9 V source. The minimum operating current of the circuit is less than 12 mA. Voltage compliance is ± 60 V with just 1.02 mA drawn by the high voltage current drive circuitry. The circuit was implemented as a compact 46 mm × 21 mm two-layer PCB highlighting its potential for use in a body-worn device. CONCLUSIONS: No design to the best of our knowledge presents comparably low quiescent power with such high voltage compliance. This makes the design uniquely appropriate for low-power transcutaneous current stimulation in wearable applications. Further development of driving and instrumentation circuitry is recommended. DA - 2017 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 1 J1 - BioMedical Engineering OnLine LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2017 SM - 1475-925X T1 - Low-power transcutaneous current stimulator for wearable applications TI - Low-power transcutaneous current stimulator for wearable applications UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34243 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/34243
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationGargiulo GD, van Schaik A, McIntyre S, Breen PP. Low-power transcutaneous current stimulator for wearable applications. BioMedical Engineering OnLine. 2017;16(1):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34243.en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Medicine
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.sourceBioMedical Engineering OnLine
dc.source.journalissue1
dc.source.journalvolume16
dc.source.pagination174 - 177
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-017-0409-9
dc.subject.otherWearable
dc.subject.otherLow-power
dc.subject.otherLow-cost
dc.subject.otherTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
dc.subject.otherStochastic resonance
dc.subject.otherPeripheral sensory neuropathy
dc.titleLow-power transcutaneous current stimulator for wearable applications
dc.typeJournal Article
uct.type.publicationResearch
uct.type.resourceJournal Article
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