Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera)
dc.contributor.author | Jacobs, David S | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Babiker, Hassan | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Bastian, Anna | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Kearney, Teresa | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Eeden, Rowen van | en_ZA |
dc.contributor.author | Bishop, Jacqueline M | en_ZA |
dc.date.accessioned | 2015-11-18T07:12:50Z | |
dc.date.available | 2015-11-18T07:12:50Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract | Phenotypes of distantly related species may converge through adaptation to similar habitats and/or because they share biological constraints that limit the phenotypic variants produced. A common theme in bats is the sympatric occurrence of cryptic species that are convergent in morphology but divergent in echolocation frequency, suggesting that echolocation may facilitate niche partitioning, reducing competition. If so, allopatric populations freed from competition, could converge in both morphology and echolocation provided they occupy similar niches or share biological constraints. We investigated the evolutionary history of a widely distributed African horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus darlingi , in the context of phenotypic convergence. We used phylogenetic inference to identify and date lineage divergence together with phenotypic comparisons and ecological niche modelling to identify morphological and geographical correlates of those lineages. Our results indicate that R. darlingi is paraphyletic, the eastern and western parts of its distribution forming two distinct non-sister lineages that diverged ~9.7 Mya. We retain R. darlingi for the eastern lineage and argue that the western lineage, currently the sub-species R . d. damarensis , should be elevated to full species status. R. damarensis comprises two lineages that diverged ~5 Mya. Our findings concur with patterns of divergence of other co-distributed taxa which are associated with increased regional aridification between 7-5 Mya suggesting possible vicariant evolution. The morphology and echolocation calls of R. darlingi and R. damarensis are convergent despite occupying different biomes. This suggests that adaptation to similar habitats is not responsible for the convergence. Furthermore, R. darlingi forms part of a clade comprising species that are bigger and echolocate at lower frequencies than R. darlingi , suggesting that biological constraints are unlikely to have influenced the convergence. Instead, the striking similarity in morphology and sensory biology are probably the result of neutral evolutionary processes, resulting in the independent evolution of similar phenotypes. | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.apacitation | Jacobs, D. S., Babiker, H., Bastian, A., Kearney, T., Eeden, R. v., & Bishop, J. M. (2013). Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera). <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15148 | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.chicagocitation | Jacobs, David S, Hassan Babiker, Anna Bastian, Teresa Kearney, Rowen van Eeden, and Jacqueline M Bishop "Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera)." <i>PLoS One</i> (2013) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15148 | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation | Jacobs, D. S., Babiker, H., Bastian, A., Kearney, T., van Eeden, R., & Bishop, J. M. (2013). Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera). PloS one, 8(12), e82614. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082614 | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.ris | TY - Journal Article AU - Jacobs, David S AU - Babiker, Hassan AU - Bastian, Anna AU - Kearney, Teresa AU - Eeden, Rowen van AU - Bishop, Jacqueline M AB - Phenotypes of distantly related species may converge through adaptation to similar habitats and/or because they share biological constraints that limit the phenotypic variants produced. A common theme in bats is the sympatric occurrence of cryptic species that are convergent in morphology but divergent in echolocation frequency, suggesting that echolocation may facilitate niche partitioning, reducing competition. If so, allopatric populations freed from competition, could converge in both morphology and echolocation provided they occupy similar niches or share biological constraints. We investigated the evolutionary history of a widely distributed African horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus darlingi , in the context of phenotypic convergence. We used phylogenetic inference to identify and date lineage divergence together with phenotypic comparisons and ecological niche modelling to identify morphological and geographical correlates of those lineages. Our results indicate that R. darlingi is paraphyletic, the eastern and western parts of its distribution forming two distinct non-sister lineages that diverged ~9.7 Mya. We retain R. darlingi for the eastern lineage and argue that the western lineage, currently the sub-species R . d. damarensis , should be elevated to full species status. R. damarensis comprises two lineages that diverged ~5 Mya. Our findings concur with patterns of divergence of other co-distributed taxa which are associated with increased regional aridification between 7-5 Mya suggesting possible vicariant evolution. The morphology and echolocation calls of R. darlingi and R. damarensis are convergent despite occupying different biomes. This suggests that adaptation to similar habitats is not responsible for the convergence. Furthermore, R. darlingi forms part of a clade comprising species that are bigger and echolocate at lower frequencies than R. darlingi , suggesting that biological constraints are unlikely to have influenced the convergence. Instead, the striking similarity in morphology and sensory biology are probably the result of neutral evolutionary processes, resulting in the independent evolution of similar phenotypes. DA - 2013 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0082614 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2013 T1 - Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera) TI - Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera) UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15148 ER - | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15148 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082614 | |
dc.identifier.vancouvercitation | Jacobs DS, Babiker H, Bastian A, Kearney T, Eeden Rv, Bishop JM. Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera). PLoS One. 2013; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15148. | en_ZA |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_ZA |
dc.publisher | Public Library of Science | en_ZA |
dc.publisher.department | Department of Biological Sciences | en_ZA |
dc.publisher.faculty | Faculty of Science | en_ZA |
dc.publisher.institution | University of Cape Town | |
dc.rights | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | en_ZA |
dc.rights.holder | © 2013 Jacobs et al | en_ZA |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | en_ZA |
dc.source | PLoS One | en_ZA |
dc.source.uri | http://journals.plos.org/plosone | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Convergent evolution | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Echolocation | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Cryptic speciation | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Ecological niches | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Skull | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Bats | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Ecosystems | en_ZA |
dc.subject.other | Phenotypes | en_ZA |
dc.title | Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera) | en_ZA |
dc.type | Journal Article | en_ZA |
uct.type.filetype | Text | |
uct.type.filetype | Image | |
uct.type.publication | Research | en_ZA |
uct.type.resource | Article | en_ZA |
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