Browsing by Subject "sleep"

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    Recharged and ready: a week-level diary study exploring an integrated model of weekend recovery, incorporating circadian and boundary perspectives, and their relationship with weekly performance
    (2025) Schroeder, Callum; Bagraim, Jeffrey
    The ability to effectively recover from work-related stressors during weekends is increasingly recognised as vital for the well-being and performance of employees. Given their theoretical alignment with recovery, this study extends an integrated model of weekend recovery by incorporating a boundary perspective (i.e., psychological reattachment to work) and a circadian perspective (i.e., sleep characteristics), offering a more comprehensive understanding of how these components interact with employees' recovery and ultimately influence their weekly job performance. In addition, positioning the weekend as the recovery context provided the opportunity to examine the impact of culture, religion, and spirituality on recovery, particularly as they relate to activities performed during leisure time. Using a longitudinal research design with repeated measures, quantitative data was collected from employees (N = 88) across various companies in South Africa over the course of three weeks before and after weekends. Multilevel model results, primarily at the person level (n = 57), indicated that low-duty activities positively predicted weekend recovery experiences (including psychological detachment, relaxation, and mastery experiences), with physical activities and cultural activities being the most conducive to the recovery experiences. Conversely, high-duty activities were not found to be significant negative predictors of weekend recovery experiences. It was also found that religious and spiritual activities, while not conducive to overall recovery experiences, were positively predictive of psychological detachment from work. Interestingly, inspection of the results for sleep quality and weekend catch-up sleep revealed that sleep quality positively predicted weekend recovery experiences only when high-duty and low-duty activities were removed from the model. Weekend catch-up sleep was not found to be a significant predictor of weekend recovery experiences among the current sample. Week-level findings (n = 102) indicated that weekend recovery experiences positively predicted the state of being recovered on Monday; however, they did not promote psychological reattachment. Nevertheless, it was found that psychological reattachment to work on Monday was found to be the most beneficial recovery-related outcome for optimal weekly job performance (i.e., task performance and work engagement), as opposed to the state of being recovered, which solely promoted employees' task performance for the remainder of the workweek. Ultimately, the relevant implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are presented.
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    The relationship between sleep and emotion regulation in individuals with depressive symptoms
    (2025) Lunga, Kaolin; Lipinska, Malgorzata
    Individuals with depression have difficulties with both sleep and emotional regulation and tend to have high reactivity towards negative stimuli. Poor sleep in these individuals may contribute to increased emotional reactivity to negative stimuli, because sleep is known to modify reactivity to emotional, and especially negative, stimuli. This study aimed to investigate whether poor sleep quality is associated with increased emotional reactivity in individuals with depression. 69 participants (Controls group, n = 40; and Depressed group, n = 29) between the ages 18-35 years were recruited. I investigated whether individuals with depression would have poorer sleep quality compared to control participants. I also investigated whether those with depressive symptoms would rate negative stimuli more negatively after a sleep period and whether this trend would continue over time. I further investigated associations between poor sleep quality and emotional reactivity. Results showed differences in sleep quality between the groups, specifically in wake-period sleep quality indicators (feeling after waking, daytime sleepiness, and sleep regularity), with the Depressed group showing poor sleep quality compared to the Control group. Furthermore, the Depressed group showed increased emotional reactivity towards negative stimuli after sleep, but only during a second exposure to the stimuli. This result was not present in the Control group. This study also found that in individuals with depressive symptoms, feeling sleepier during the day was associated with rating negative pictures as more negative aftersleep. For healthy controls, regular sleeping patterns were associated with ratings negative stimuli more positively after sleep. These findings have implications for mood disorders such as depression; where sleep disturbances may modify emotion over time and this can lead to negative mood, especially in the mornings.