Browsing by Subject "remote work"

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    An Exploration of the Leadership Behaviours and Attitudes Employees Most Value During a Crisis: A Case Study of Academics in Remote Work During COVID-19
    (2022) Josiah, Kelly; Goodman, Suki
    The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on organisations and the workforce, globally and in South Africa more specifically. This is true in many sectors, including that of higher education, where the economic, social, and psychological impacts of the pandemic are indisputable. However, it can be argued that organisational leaders have played a significant role in assisting employees to navigate the uncertainty of the events since March 2019. The primary aim of this research is to explore the leadership behaviours and attitudes most valued by academics at a residential university in South Africa. Secondary aims of the study focus on academics' experiences of well-being while working remotely during COVID-19. An exploratory case study design within the interpretivist paradigm was used, with academics at a residential university in South Africa as the case under study. Therefore, the unit of analysis is the individual. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were adopted, and a total of 15 participants were interviewed. Inductive and deductive approaches were used to analyse the data using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-step Thematic Analysis technique. Two primary themes emerged during analysis of the data: (1) human-centric leadership; and (2) self-care and self-management. Each primary theme had a number of associated secondary and tertiary themes. The results identified the leadership behaviours and attitudes that the sample found most valuable in the transition to remote working. Along with this, the various coping strategies used by academics in the sample are noted. For example, the sample expressed their appreciation for leaders who adapted their behaviour and attitude to suit the COVID-19 context. Participants appreciated human-centric leadership behaviours and attitudes that were kind and caring, taking into account academics' various realities. Further results demonstrate that academics employed coping strategies, such as healthy lifestyle choices to maintain their overall well-being and leveraged professional and personal support networks to effectively transition to the remote working context.
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    Open Access
    Analysis of COVID-19 Effects on Cybersecurity in South African-Based Organizations
    (2025) Daya, Mahima; Kyobe, Michael
    The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted cybersecurity practices in South African organisations across various sectors, including financial services, healthcare, retail, and technology, with vulnerabilities arising from remote work, digital infrastructure, and financial strain. This study applied Engström's Activity Theory Framework to explore the effects of the pandemic on cyber-threats, vulnerabilities, and organisational responses. The findings reveal that remote workers faced significant vulnerabilities during the pandemic, making them susceptible to phishing and social engineering attacks. The study highlights the importance of cybersecurity awareness training and education for employees in South African organisations. The economic instability of South Africa during the pandemic led to an increased appeal of cyber-threats, underscoring the need for enhanced cybersecurity strategies. The study's findings provide practical recommendations for enhancing cybersecurity strategies, including the adoption of secure remote work solutions and the development of incident response plans. The results underscore the importance of cybersecurity awareness training and education for employees. The study's methodology involved conducting 30 semi-structured interviews with South African organisations from the financial, healthcare, retail, and technology sectors, employing thematic analysis to delve into the realm of cybersecurity management practices during the pandemic. Despite its limitations, including a limited data sample and potential lack of generalisability to all South African organisations, this study contributes to the existing literature and provides valuable insights for policymakers, organisations, and cybersecurity professionals. The findings suggest that to mitigate risks, organisations should prioritise cybersecurity and invest in comprehensive cybersecurity solutions. Employee training is essential for enhancing cybersecurity awareness and preventing cyberattacks. Regulatory compliance is crucial for ensuring data privacy and security standards are met. Investments in digital infrastructure and cybersecurity education and training are also recommended to equip future professionals with the necessary skills to address emerging cyber threats. Future research should consider expanding data sources and conducting long-term analyses to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the cybersecurity challenges during and beyond the pandemic.
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    The impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure on remote work service delivery for Administrators in South African SMEs
    (2025) Chakurira, Melinda Chakurira; Kyobe, Michael
    Adopting information and communication and technologies (ICT) infrastructures is very crucial for business sustainability but can also have detrimental drawbacks where there are limited ICT infrastructure resources to support daily technology demand. This leads to challenges like cyber risks, job dissatisfaction and may ultimately affects administrative service delivery, particularly in remote work situations. To examine the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure on remote work service delivery for administrators in South African Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), a conceptual model was developed to guide this study, and the research adopted the objectivism and positivism research philosophies. Quantitative research method was used to collect cross sectional data through an online survey involving administrators in South African SMEs. The study gathered data from 76 participants, accounting to a 76% response rate. Statistica software was then used to analyse the data and linear regression models were tested to determine the impact of ICT infrastructure on remote work service delivery. The study findings reveal that a comprehensive ICT Infrastructure enhances the remote work service delivery for South African administrators working in the Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) organisations. Furthermore, the study discovered that the administrators' remote work satisfaction positively impacts on their remote work service delivery. In addition, the study found that administrators who work in ICT Job Industries have an increased chance of enhancing their remote work service delivery, by utilizing a Comprehensive ICT infrastructure, than those who work in non-ICT Job Industries. Additionally, the study also reveals that non cyber security challenges, such as ‘connectivity'- accounting for 46% of the respondents, and team communication breakdown'-accounting for 32% of the respondents, impact remote work service delivery more than does cyber security issues. Furthermore, the general study trend shows that the most valuable use of remote work ICT tools is ‘communication' (67% of respondents), followed by ‘collaboration' (40,8% of respondents). Finally, the study reveals that gender has no impact on remote work satisfaction, however, it has impact on remote work service delivery, as the female gender experiences a decrease in remote work service delivery. This therefore suggests that they experience lower remote work service delivery as compared to their male counterparts because women spend more energy and time managing the home and taking care of others, which negatively impacts their remote work service delivery. The study recommends that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) prioritize investing in a robust ICT infrastructure that includes key tools such as mobile phones, laptops, extra screens, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and a reliable internet connectivity. These technologies are critical for enhancing communication, collaboration, file sharing, and meetings, which are crucial components of remote work. Furthermore, the study recommends SMEs to prioritise investing in adequate power backup resources, such as solar power and uninterruptible power supply (UPS), so to address the connectivity challenge that the Administrators encounter, while working remotely. In addition, for future studies, the researcher suggests a mixed methods approach, including surveys of both employees and employers so to gain a better perspective of the phenomenon, as well as longitudinal research so to track the study's outcomes over time, considering the evolving nature of technology. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by developing the Conceptual Model: The ICT Infrastructure Impact on Remote Work Service Delivery, which can be utilised by other researchers, as well as other SMEs with interest of adopting ICT Infrastructure for remote working, specifically in developing economies. Additionally, the study's developed model, and findings support the advancement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goals 8 and 17, that promote sustainable growth, productive employment, technological and innovation enhancement, with emphasis on SMEs, especially in developing economies such as South Africa. Furthermore, the study also supports the South African National Development Plan 2030, that aims to invest in ICT infrastructure that supports the economy growth, as well as to develop a more comprehensive and integrated e-strategy that depicts the interconnectedness of the ICT sector in the country. Finally, the study also supports South Africa's G20 high-level priority of artificial intelligence (AI) and innovation for sustainable developments, which is also evidenced by the recent Microsoft's investment in AI infrastructure is South Africa.