Browsing by Subject "regulation"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    A review of factors affecting the attractiveness of Angola to private equity (PE) investments
    (2014) Jover, Estefania; Mlambo, Chipo
    Angola’s attractiveness to PE investors and the potential to increase PE investments in the country are explored. Primary data were collected using a survey of 18 PE funds that invest or have considered investing in Angola, followed by 10 expert interviews to gain deeper insight into the country’s institutional and economic environment, and its potential for PE investments. It is found that most PE funds are attracted to Angola by its rapid economic growth and high potential returns. The country is also vastly undersupplied, and many key economic sectors are fast developing, presenting exciting opportunities for investors. Nevertheless, PE in Angola remains limited, mainly owing to the difficulty of doing business in Angola, and owing particularly to the unfavourable regulatory environment. There is no regulation or process when it comes to the registration of PE funds in Angola, and any new regulation that applies to foreign investments is marred by unnecessary red tape, making it difficult for the investment to enter the market. Only two funds are authorised to operate in Angola: Fundo de Investimento Privado de Angola (FIPA), and BESA Activ. Streamlining regulation is critical to increasing PE flows to Angola in order to advance the country’s economic and social objectives.
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    Open Access
    The right to traditional, complementary, and alternative health care
    (2014) Stuttaford, Maria; Al Makhamreh, Sahar; Coomans, Fons; Harrington, John; Himonga, Chuma; Hundt, Gillian Lewando
    BackgroundState parties to human rights conventions and declarations are often faced with the seemingly contradictory problem of having an obligation to protect people from harmful practices while also having an obligation to enable access to culturally appropriate effective healing. As people increasingly migrate across the globe, previous distinctions between ‘traditional’ and ‘complementary and alternative medicine’ practices are being transcended. There are connections across transnational healing pathways that link local, national, and global movements of people and knowledge.ObjectiveThis paper contributes to the development of the concept and practice of the right to health in all its forms, exploring the right to traditional, complementary, and alternative health (R2TCAH) across different contexts.DesignThe paper draws on four settings – England, South Africa, Kenya, and Jordan – and is based on key informant interviews and a literature review undertaken in 2010, and updated in 2013. The paper begins by reviewing the international legal context for the right to health. It then considers legal and professional regulations from the global north and south.ResultsAdditional research is needed to establish the legal basis, compare regulatory frameworks, and explore patient and provider perspectives of regulation. This leads to being able to make recommendations on how to balance protection from harm and the obligation to ensure culturally appropriate services. Such an exploration must also challenge Western theories of human rights. Key concepts, such as individual harm, consent, and respect of the autonomy of the individual already established and recognised in international health law, could be adopted in the development of a template for future comparative research.ConclusionsExploration of the normative content of the right to health in all its forms will contribute to supporting traditional, complementary, and alternative health service users and providers in terms of access to information, non-discrimination, clarification of state obligations, and accountability.
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    The Role of Dreaming in Affect Regulation
    (2022) Zeilinga, Abraham Dirk; Lipinska, Gosia; Solms, Mark
    Research investigating the change in affect across sleep focuses on the association between sleep physiology and affect regulation and often do not consider the contribution of dreaming mentation to affect regulatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dreaming regulates affect by examining the change in affect within dreams and between dreams elicited during different timepoints in the night. The hypotheses were that if dreams are responsible for affect regulation, there will be a change in self-reported emotion within a dream, leading to less emotionality towards the end of a dream, as well as across the night - leading to less emotionality towards the end of the night. Furthermore, I hypothesized that these within-dream and between-dream changes will be associated with pre-sleep to post sleep change in affect. Healthy students (N = 24; age range 19 – 34 years) spent three non-consecutive nights at a sleep laboratory for PSG monitoring, collection of dream-reports and self-reported dream affect rating. Participants completed an adaptation night followed by two experimental nights. During the first experimental night participants were awoken in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep during the early night (dream-point: Early REM) and on the second experimental night they were awoken in REM sleep towards the end of the night (dream point: Late REM) to record their dreams using voice recordings and collect self-reported dream emotions using Visual Analogue Mood Scales (VAMS). Participants completed mood scales for emotions experienced in both the first part (1st dream-half) and last part (2nd dream half) of their dream. Recorded dreams were transcribed and assessed for affective word content using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program (LIWC). Furthermore, participants rated their mood before and after sleep using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). A mixed design ANOVA, with dream-half (1st versus 2nd dream-half), dream-point (1st versus 2nd half of the night) and valence (positive versus negative) as factors, was conducted on self-report dream affect ratings. The data showed a significant interaction between dream-half and dream-point, indicating a decline in emotionality from the first half to the second half of early REM dreams, followed by an increase in emotionality from the first to the second half of late REM dream, although still below that of early REM levels. A similar analysis of affective words reported in the dreams showed significant decrease in objectively scored emotional content of dreams from early to late REM. However, there was no association between change in dream affect and change in mood, possibly because participants had little variation in their mood. These results suggest that there are fluctuations in dream affect during the night, which settle at a point between high initial dream affect and low late dream affect, which speculatively represents an emotional homeostatic settling point that allows for next-day readiness. This change towards a speculated homeostatic point and the overall attenuation of dream affect across the night, support the notion that dreaming plays a role in affect regulation.
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    The South African bread cartel: a single case study exploring the scope for responsive regulation of white-collar crime in a developing country
    (2024) Patel, Varsha; Van Der Spuy, Elrena
    Criminology traditionally focused on street crimes. In 1939, Sutherland introduced the concept of white-collar crime, which encouraged criminologists to turn their attention to crimes of the rich and powerful. In particular, Australian researcher John Braithwaite has produced a large body of work on white-collar crime. Braithwaite is critical of the professionalisation of criminology that marginalises the community from regulatory activities. Braithwaite argues that the business and community sectors should play a more significant role in regulating white collar crime within conventional justice systems. According to Braithwaite, community activists and industry watchdogs can play a role in holding white-collar criminals accountable and possibly elicit restorative overtures for victims. Braithwaite acknowledges that his model is ideally suited to a developed state with the financial resources and skills to establish and oversee alternative processes. However, he suggests that his model can be adapted to developing spaces by leveraging the capacity embedded in business and community sectors and augmenting deficiencies by partnering with international groups. Recently, the actions of a whistle-blower, supported by civil society mobilisation, exposed the South African Bread Cartel and led to hefty fines for the cartelists, legislative amendments and the development of class action jurisprudence. The bread cartel case demonstrates how communities can contribute to regulating cartels. This dissertation is a single case study of the bread cartel that investigates whether responsive regulation finds resonance in South Africa. Several semi-structured, in depth interviews were conducted. The data was analysed thematically and explored themes like industry bodies, community activism and restorative justice. The findings are surprising. The success of the South African Bread Cartel seems almost accidental. The relationships between and the normative values of the state, business and community sectors appear to influence the scope for responsive regulation. In addition to capacity constraints across sectors, contextual factors like historical legacies and the size and shape of the economy may determine the scope for responsive regulation of white-collar crime in a developing country like South Africa. Such findings provide a map to guide future research.