Browsing by Subject "prevention"
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- ItemOpen AccessAddressing the impact of HIV/AIDS on children in South Africa - Priorities for funders and development agencies(Children's Institute, 2004-03) Meintjes, Helen; Giese, SonjaThis briefing paper is structured into two parts. Part A provides a brief overview of orphan numbers and what we know about the living circumstances of children growing up in the context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Part B of the paper provides a set of key recommendations to guide funders in responding to the impact of HIV/AIDS on children.
- ItemOpen AccessAntiretroviral roll-out in South Africa: where do children feature?(Children's Institute, 2004) Shung King, Maylene; Zampoli, Marco
- ItemOpen AccessChild Protection Week 2003. Fact sheet No. 3: children and HIV/AIDS(Children's Institute, 2003-05) Giese, Sonja; Meintjes, Helen
- ItemOpen AccessChild-headed households in South Africa: A statistical brief 2009(Children's Institute, 2009) Meintjes, Helen; Hall, Katharine; Marera, Double-Hugh; Boulle, Andrew
- ItemOpen AccessChildren 'in need of care' or in need of cash? Questioning social security provisions for orphans in the context of the South African AIDS pandemic(Children's Institute, 2003-12) Meintjes, Helen; Budlender, Debbie; Giese, Sonja; Johnson, LeighJoint working paper of the Children's Institute and Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town.
- ItemOpen AccessChildren's Institute submission on the draft regulations to the Children's Act 38 of 2005(Children's Institute, 2008-08) Proudlock, Paula; Meintjes, Helen; Moses, SueWritten submission to the national Department of Social Development, 11 August 2008.
- ItemOpen AccessCongenital rubella: Is it nearly time to take action?(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2012) Boshoff, L; Tooke, LCongenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a rare but potentially debilitating disease with lifelong consequences. Although there is no cure, it is almost completely preventable by an effective immunisation programme. We present two confirmed cases of CRS diagnosed in the neonatal unit at Groote Schuur Hospital in 2011 and discuss aspects of the disease and its prevention.
- ItemOpen AccessEffectiveness of the first district-wide programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa(2005) Coetzee, David; Hilderbrand, Katherine; Boulle, Andrew; Draper, Beverley; Abdullah, Fareed; Goemaere, EricObjective: The aim of this study was to estimate the field efficacy of the first routine programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) initiated in South Africa, in the subdistrict of Khayelitsha. Methods: A consecutive sample of 658 mother–infant pairs, identified from the PMTCT register from 1 March to 30 November 2003, were identified for enrolment in this study. Details of the regimen received were established and HIV status of the infants at between 6 and 10 weeks of age was determined by qualitative DNA polymerase chain reaction. Zidovudine (AZT) was provided antenatally from week 34 of gestation and during labour. Infant formula milk was offered to mothers who chose not to breastfeed. The protocol was amended in July 2003 such that women who had received < 2 weeks of treatment with AZT were given a single dose of nevirapine (NVP) at the onset of labour, and the infant received a weight-adjusted dose of NVP within 72 h of delivery. Results: Of the 535 mother–infant pairs (81%) eventually included in the study, 410 (77%) received an effective PMTCT intervention according to the protocol. The rate of transmission of HIV from mother to child was 8.8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.2–10.9). A maternal age of > 25 years was the only significant independent risk factor for transmission (odds ratio, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.14–4.07). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of a large-scale PMTCT programme in an urban public-sector setting.
- ItemOpen AccessHelping children in the time of HIV and AIDS(Chlidren's Institute, 2004) Monson, JoA booklet aimed at organisations, companies and individuals who want to help children in need.
- ItemOpen AccessHeroes of our time: health workers helping children(Chlidren's Institute, 2005) Monson, JoA booklet aimed at health workers who want to help children in the times of HIV and AIDS.
- ItemOpen AccessHome truths: the phenomenon of residential care for children in a time of AIDS(Children's Institute, 2007-06) Meintjes, Helen; Moses, Sue; Berry, Lizette; Mampane, Ruth
- ItemRestrictedThe impact of reduced drug prices on the cost-effectiveness of HAART in South Africa(National Inquiry Services Centre, 2005) Nattrass, Nicoli; Geffen, NathanSouth Africa has started ‘rolling out’ highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) through the public health sector, but implementation has been slow. Studies have shown that in Africa AIDS prevention may be more cost-effective than providing HAART; such published results provide some support for the South African government’s apparent reluctance to implement a large-scale rapid HAART roll-out. However, previous studies have not linked treatment and prevention plans, and do not, for the most part, consider the potential savings to the public health sector (e.g., fewer hospital admissions) that may arise from the introduction of HAART. The South African costing exercise summarised here avoids both these limitations. It provides an update of earlier work and takes into account the recent decline in antiretroviral drug prices. It shows that once HIV-related hospital costs are included in the calculation, the cost per HIV infection averted is lower in a treatment-plus-prevention intervention scenario than it is in a prevention-only scenario. This suggests that it is economically advantageous to fund a large-scale comprehensive intervention plan and that the constraints for doing so are political. Once human-rights considerations are included, the case for providing HAART is even more compelling.
- ItemOpen AccessThe Journey of Hope: creating a network of care for the children of Luckau village(Chlidren's Institute, 2009) Children's Institute; Catholic Institute of Education
- ItemOpen AccessPositive parenting in South Africa: why supporting families is key to development and violence prevention(2015-04-08) Gould, Chandre; Ward, Catherine L.Preventing and reducing violence by supporting parents is critical to national development. This policy brief explains how positive parenting relates to violence prevention and national development, and why the national implementation of evidence-based programmes to support positive parenting is both necessary and achievable.
- ItemOpen AccessPromoting mental health in scarce-resource contexts: emerging evidence and practice(2011) Petersen, Inge; Bhana, Arvin; Flisher, Alan J; Swartz, Leslie; Richter, LindaMental health in scarce-resource settings has received considerable attention in the new millennium, in response to the growing evidence on the burden of mental disorders and their cost-effective treatments. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) World Health Report 2001, and The Lancet series on Global Mental Health in 2007, are two major initiatives that synthesised the evidence from these settings. While the former highlighted the burden of mental disorders and the large treatment gaps in all countries, the latter described the exciting new evidence on treatment and prevention for many mental disorders, but also the many barriers to scaling up these treatments. The Lancet series ended with a call to action to scale up services for people with mental disorders, based on evidence and a commitment to human rights. Both these initiatives, however, focused on the extreme end of the distribution of distressing mental health experiences in the population – the end where most individuals would satisfy diagnostic criteria for mental disorder. It is in this context that the larger role of promoting mental health in scarce-resource settings at the level of the population as a whole, or sub-groups targeted on grounds of vulnerability or age, becomes highly relevant. This resource includes contributions from a range of experts makes this a must read text for students and practitioners, policy-makers and planners or anyone with an interest in improving mental and public health in South Africa.
- ItemOpen AccessA quick guide to the clinical care of children infected with HIV(Chlidren's Institute, 2002-04) Shung King, Maylene; Giese, Sonja; Hussey, Gregory
- ItemOpen AccessRapid appraisal of primary level health care services for HIV-positive children at public sector clinics in South Africa(Children's Institute, 2002-03) Giese, Sonja; Hussey, Greg
- ItemOpen AccessReporting on children in the context of HIV/AIDS: a journalist's resource(Children's Institute, 2005) Bird, William; Bray, Rachel; Harries, Gemma; Meintjes, Helen; Monson, Jo; Ridgard, Natalie
- ItemOpen AccessThe role of schools in addressing the needs of children made vulnerable in the context of HIV/AIDS(Children's Institute, 2003-07) Giese, Sonja; Meintjes, Helen; Croke, Rhian; Chamberlain, Ross
- ItemOpen AccessSchools - An essential link in the chain of support and services: fact sheet for Members of Parliament(Children's Institute, 2004) Children's InstitutePrepared for the public hearings on Section of the Children's Bill, August 2004.