Browsing by Subject "hadrons"
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- ItemOpen AccessBayesian analysis of the backreaction models(2010) Kurek, Aleksandra; Bolejko, Krzysztof; Szydłowski, MarekWe present a Bayesian analysis of four different types of backreaction models, which are based on the Buchert equations. In this approach, one considers a solution to the Einstein equations for a general matter distribution and then an average of various observable quantities is taken. Such an approach became of considerable interest when it was shown that it could lead to agreement with observations without resorting to dark energy. In this paper we compare the {Lambda}CDM model and the backreaction models with type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic microwave background data, and find that the former is favored. However, the tested models were based on some particular assumptions about the relation between the average spatial curvature and the backreaction, as well as the relation between the curvature and curvature index. In this paper we modified the latter assumption, leaving the former unchanged. We find that, by varying the relation between the curvature and curvature index, we can obtain a better fit. Therefore, some further work is still needed--in particular, the relation between the backreaction and the curvature should be revisited in order to fully determine the feasibility of the backreaction models to mimic dark energy.
- ItemOpen AccessFIRST-YEAR SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY-II (SDSS-II) SUPERNOVA RESULTS: CONSTRAINTS ON NONSTANDARD COSMOLOGICAL MODELS(2009) Sollerman, J; Mörtsell, E; Davis, T M; Blomqvist, M; Bassett, B; Becker, A C; Cinabro, D; Filippenko, A V; Foley, R J; Frieman, J; Garnavich, P; Lampeitl, H; Marriner, J; Miquel, R; Nichol, R C; Richmond, M W; Sako, M; Schneider, D P; Smith, M; VanderPlas, J T; Wheeler, J CWe use the new Type Ia supernovae discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II supernova survey, together with additional supernova data sets as well as observations of the cosmic microwave backgr ...
- ItemOpen AccessGyromagnetic factors and atomic clock constraints on the variation of fundamental constants(2011) Luo, Feng; Olive, Keith A; Uzan, Jean-PhilippeWe consider the effect of the coupled variations of fundamental constants on the nucleon magnetic moment. The nucleon g-factor enters into the interpretation of the measurements of variations in the fine-structure constant, alpha, in both the laboratory (through atomic clock measurements) and in astrophysical systems (e.g. through measurements of the 21 cm transitions). A null result can be translated into a limit on the variation of a set of fundamental constants, that is usually reduced to alpha. However, in specific models, particularly unification models, changes in alpha are always accompanied by corresponding changes in other fundamental quantities such as the QCD scale, Lambda_QCD. This work tracks the changes in the nucleon g-factors induced from changes in Lambda_QCD and the light quark masses. In principle, these coupled variations can improve the bounds on the variation of alpha by an order of magnitude from existing atomic clock and astrophysical measurements. Unfortunately, the calculation of the dependence of g-factors on fundamental parameters is notoriously model-dependent.
- ItemOpen AccessMagnetic moments of T = 3 / 2 mirror pairs(2010) Perez, S M; Richter, W A; Brown, B A; Horoi, MWe predict values of the magnetic moments of T=3/2 proton-rich fp-shell nuclei in the mass range A=43-53, by using known values for their neutron-rich mirrors together with shell-model estimates for small quantities. We extend the analysis to those T=3/2 sd-shell mirror pairs for which both the T{sub z}-3/2 and T{sub z}=+3/2 magnetic moments have been measured. We find that these obey the same linear relation as previously deduced for T=1/2 mirror pairs.
- ItemOpen AccessTHE CENTRAL SLOPE OF DARK MATTER CORES IN DWARF GALAXIES: SIMULATIONS VERSUS THINGS(2011) Oh, Se-Heon; Brook, Chris; Governato, Fabio; Brinks, Elias; Mayer, Lucio; de Blok, W J G; Brooks, Alyson; Walter, FabianWe make a direct comparison of the derived dark matter (DM) distributions between hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxies assuming ACDM cosmology and the observed dwarf galaxies sample from the THINGS survey in terms of (1) the rotation curve shape and (2) the logarithmic inner density slope a of mass density profiles. The simulations, which include the effect of baryonic feedback processes, such as gas cooling, star formation, cosmic UV background heating, and most importantly, physically motivated gas outflows driven by supernovae, form bulgeless galaxies with DM cores. We show that the stellar and baryonic mass is similar to that inferred from photometric and kinematic methods for galaxies of similar circular velocity. Analyzing the simulations in exactly the same way as the observational sample allows us to address directly the so-called cusp/core problem in the ACDM model. We show that the rotation curves of the simulated dwarf galaxies rise less steeply than cold dark matter rotation curves and are consistent with those of the THINGS dwarf galaxies. The mean value of the logarithmic inner density slopes alpha of the simulated galaxies' DM density profiles is similar to-0.4 +/- 0.1, which shows good agreement with alpha = -0.29 +/- 0.07 of the THINGS dwarf galaxies. The effect of non-circular motions is not significant enough to affect the results. This confirms that the baryonic feedback processes included in the simulations are efficiently able to make the initial cusps with alpha similar to-1.0 to -1.5 predicted by DM-only simulations shallower and induce DM halos with a central mass distribution similar to that observed in nearby dwarf galaxies.