Browsing by Subject "fuel"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Restricted
    Identification of the sedge Cladium mariscus subsp. Jamaicense and its possible use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, KwaZulu-Natal.
    (KwaZulu-Natal Museum, 2011) Sievers, C; Muasya, A
    The Middle Stone Age deposits at Sibudu contain sedge (Cyperaceae) nutlets, which previously have been interpreted as indirect evidence of bedding. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the sedge nutlets through comparison of archaeological specimens with modern analogues. The presence of nutlets of Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kuk, a 1-3 m tall sedge with long scabrid leaves, was unexpected and challenges the bedding hypothesis because of the minute sharp hairs along the midrib and margins of the leaf blades. Nevertheless, we argue for the use ofCladium as bedding material, possibly as the foundation on which softer material was laid. It is possible that the Cladium nutlets and rhizomes may have been eaten and that the plant was also used as kindling or fuel.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Restricted
    Safe paraffin appliances and their contribution to demand side management
    (Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016-01-28) Lloyd, P; Truran, G
    Many accidents have resulted from using of paraffin as a fuel for cooking and heating. These accidents were caused because of leaks and the paraffin appliances could consequently burst into violent flames. As a result, compulsory standards for the construction and operation of these appliances have been introduced, and the sale of the unsafe appliances has been banned. Safe paraffin appliances could contribute to the management of the electrical demand. Domestic cooking makes up about 4% of the total demand during the daily peak in electricity consumption. The widespread introduction of safe paraffin cookers to replace electrical cookers would save about 1 500MW. It would cost about R25bn to install generating capacity of that magnitude. Replacing electrical stoves would cost about R8bn.