Browsing by Subject "diet"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Open Access
    Factors influencing adherence to dietary guidelines: a qualitative study on the experiences of patients with type 2 diabetes attending a clinic in Cape Town
    (Medical and Pharmaceutical Publications, 2014) Ebrahim, Z; De Villiers, A; Ahmed, T
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Groote Schuur Hospital Diabetes Clinic in relation to contextual factors that promote or impede adherence to nutrition care guidelines. Subjects and setting: Eight diabetic patients (four males and four females) attending the Groote Schuur Hospital Diabetes Clinic who were between 40-70 years old. Outcome measures: Qualitative analysis of factors influencing adherence to dietary guidelines. Method: An explorative study, using a qualitative approach with eight semi-structured interviews, was used. Patients were interviewed at the diabetes outpatient clinic in Cape Town. Semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed, and thereafter analysed using ATLAS/ti®. Results: Various themes as to what influences adherence to dietary guidelines emerged. An ecological analysis is offered to understand the different levels of influence on participants’ dietary behaviour. The main identified factors at individual level were motivation, individual knowledge, perceptions of moderation, self- responsibility, taste concept or cravings, and temptations. At small group (family and friends) level, family relations with the patients were identified as the main support system used to manage the diabetes. At the organisational or health systems level, long waiting times and the theme of seeing different doctors emerged as problematic factors, but overall, patients were satisfied with the clinic service. At community and policy level, culture and the cost of food were identified as key influential factors with regard to adherence to nutrition care guidelines. Conclusion: This study shows the usefulness of adopting an ecological model in identifying factors that influenced adherence to dietary guidelines by patients with type 2 diabetes. Some factors acted as enablers and others as barriers. These had an impact on patient adherence to nutrition care guidelines. These factors should be considered by diabetes educators, including dietitians and nurses and doctors, when planning treatment modalities for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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    Has Food Security and Nutritional Status Improved in Children 1–<10 Years in Two Provinces of South Africa between 1999 (National Food Consumption Survey) and 2018 (Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS))
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022-01-18) Steyn, Nelia P.; Nel, Johanna H.; Drummond, Linda; Malczyk, Sonia; Senekal, Marjanne
    The 1999 National Food Consumption Survey in South Africa showed that food insecurity (hunger) was prevalent in households with children aged one to <10 years. A repeat of the survey in two provinces: Gauteng (GTG) and the Western Cape (WC) was undertaken in 2018. Results showed that in all domains (living areas) in GTG, food shortage prevalence decreased between 1999 and 2018, from 55.0% to 29.6% in urban informal areas, from 34.1% to 19.4% in urban formal areas and from 42.1% to 15.6% in rural areas. While the prevalence of food shortage in urban formal areas in the WC remained similar in 2018, prevalence decreased from 81.8% to 35.7% in urban informal areas and from 38.3% to 20.6% in rural areas. Energy and macronutrient intakes improved significantly in GTG between 1999 and 2018 but not in the WC; intakes were significantly higher in the WC at both time points. The only significant change in stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity prevalence was that 7–<10-year-olds in GTG were significantly more likely to be wasted (BAZ < 2SD) in 2018 than in 1999 (20.2% versus 6.9% respectively). In the WC, 1–3-year-olds were significantly more likely to be obese in 2018 than in 1999 (8.1% versus 1.7% respectively) and 7–<10-year-olds were less likely to be stunted (14.5% versus 4.9% respectively). There were significant negative correlations between the hunger score and dietary variables in both provinces in 1999. In GTG in 2018, only the correlation with fat intake remained while there were still several significant correlations in WC in 2018. Changes in top 12 energy contributors reflect a shift to high or moderate energy foods low in nutrients from 1999 to 2018. Nutrient dense (high micronutrients, low energy/g) foods (e.g., fruit) fell off the list in 2018. Logistic regression analyses reflect the importance for food security of having a parent as head of the household and/or caregiver, and parents having grade 12 or higher education and being employed. We conclude that food security nutritional status indicators improved amongst 1–<10-year-old children especially in GTG between 1999 and 2018. However, the shift to poorer food choices and increase in wasting in older children and overweight in younger children are of concern.
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    Open Access
    A Psychosocial handbook: A tool for consultation
    (2019) Backwell, David
    This handbook was designed to be a tool for preclinical medical students during their beginnings in patient interactions and counselling. It is intended to be used in a consultation, giving step-wise approaches to some problems, and tools to use with the patients. It is by no means comprehensive, but a basic field guide to psychosocial issues common in South Africa. The handbook can be used on a tablet or smartphone, and if printed, lamination would allow repeated use of the pages that may be written on (such as the scales).
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    Open Access
    Studies bearing on: (1) The nutrition of Bantu infants and young children and (2) The metabolism of calcium and iron by Bantu children and adults
    (1964) Walker, Alexander Robert Pettigrew
    The continent of Africa is inhabited by about 270 million persons of whom about 60 million are Bantu. They dwell mainly south of the Equator. South African Bantu number about 11 million persons, of whom under a third are urbanised, and over a third each work on farms of Whites or live in the Native Reserves. These local Bantu are comprised of several ethnic groups, the largest of which are Zulu and Xhosa. While some communities of rural Bantu still live in a primitive manner. others, mainly in urban areas, tend progressively to adopt a westernised type of diet and manner of life. The Bantu may therefore be observed in all stages of transition, in relation to patterns of diet, metabolism, and pathology. The studies undertaken and to be described concern primarily the nutrition of infants and children, the prevalence of certain deficiency diseases, and the handicap imposed by parasitism on nutritional state and other parameters.
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    Surviving off junk: low-energy prey dominates the diet of African penguins Spheniscus demersus at Mercury Island Namibia between 1996 and 2009
    (2010) Ludynia, Katrin; Roux, J-P; Jones, R; Kemper, J; Underhill, Leslie
    The diet of African penguins Spheniscus demersus in Namibia consisted mainly of sardine Sardinops sagax in the 1950s. Since the collapse of pelagic fish stocks in the 1970s, birds fed mainly on bearded (pelagic) goby Sufflogobius bibarbatus, a low-energy prey species. We present diet data for African penguins breeding at Mercury Island, the largest colony for this species in Namibia, between 1996 and 2009. Bearded goby was the main prey item throughout the study period, both in terms of frequency of occurrence (67.8%; SD 31.2) and in terms of mass (59.2%; SD 31.5). Diet composition varied throughout the year as well as between years; birds occasionally fed on a variety of fish species other than bearded goby. In Namibia, poor prey abundance is considered as a major factor contributing to the decline of penguin numbers after the collapse of the sardine stocks. However, bearded goby appears to be relatively abundant along Namibia's southern coast and low prey quality rather than low abundance appears to be a key factor influencing population dynamics of African penguins and other marine top predators in southern Namibia.
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    Open Access
    Temporal variation of cephalods in the diet of Cape fur seals in Namibia
    (2003) De Bruyn, P J N; Bester, M N; Mecenero, S; Kirkman, S P; Roux, J-P; Klages, N T W
    Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) scats were sampled over a period of eight years (1994–2001) at Atlas and Wolf Bay seal colonies in order to assess the cephalopod component of the diet of these seals and cephalopod diversity off the coast of Namibia. The temporal variation within the cephalopod component was investigated. A low diversity of cephalopods, only six species, are preyed upon, with Todarodes angolensis being the most important component both in numbers and wet weight in all years. Its lowered weight contribution during winter coincided with a greater diversity of other cephalopod species in the diet, which showed higher proportional weight contribution relative to Todarodes angolensis. Scat sampling was found to be an unreliable method of providing estimates of total prey weight consumption by seals, but was considered an acceptable method for proportional comparisons, especially given the ease of scat collection over extended periods.