Browsing by Subject "determinants"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Capital structure and determinants of capital structure, before, during and after the 2008 financial crisis: A South African study
    (2021) Ntshobane, Gcobisa; Chamisa, Edward; Pamburai, Hamutyinei Harvey
    This study examines the effects of 2007/8 financial crisis on capital structure determinants of Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies in South Africa. Data extracted from INET BFA Expert database was analyzed using regression models on the correlation between the leverage and company size, growth, profitability, tangibility, liquidity, non-debt tax shield along with Ordinary Least Squares based on the sample of JSE listed companies for the period of 2004 to 2013. The study examined two industries namely, Real estate and Retail industry. The results show that size, tangibility, profitability and liquidity have significant impact on the capital structure before, during and after financial crisis. Growth results were inconsistent over the period under review, and non-debt tax shield was found to be statistically insignificant. The study also shows that the 2007/8 had statistical significance on the capital structure of the listed companies in South Africa.
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    Chronic non-communicable diseases in Cameroon - burden, determinants and current policies
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2011) Echouffo-Tcheugui, Justin; Kengne, Andre
    Cameroon is experiencing an increase in the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which accounted for 43% of all deaths in 2002. This article reviews the published literature to critically evaluate the evidence on the frequency, determinants and consequences of NCDs in Cameroon, and to identify research, intervention and policy gaps. The rising trends in NCDs have been documented for hypertension and diabetes, with a 2-5 and a 10-fold increase in their respective prevalence between 1994 and 2003. Magnitudes are much higher in urban settings, where increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity (by 54-82%) was observed over the same period. These changes largely result from the adoption of unfavorable eating habits, physical inactivity, and a probable increasing tobacco use. These behavioral changes are driven by the economic development and social mobility, which are part of the epidemiologic transition. There is still a dearth of information on chronic respiratory diseases and cancers, as well as on all NDCs and related risk factors in children and adolescents. More nationally representative data is needed to tract risk factors and consequences of NCDs. These conditions are increasingly been recognized as a priority, mainly through locally generated evidence. Thus, national-level prevention and control programs for chronic diseases (mainly diabetes and hypertension) have been established. However, the monitoring and evaluation of these programs is necessary. Budgetary allocations data by the ministry of health would be helpful, to evaluate the investment in NCDs prevention and control. Establishing more effective national-level tobacco control measures and food policies, as well as campaigns to promote healthy diets, physical activity and tobacco cessation would probably contribute to reducing the burden of NCDs.
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    Reservation wages-measurement and determinants: evidence from the KMP survey
    (2003) Walker, Richard
    This paper investigates the difficulties in measuring reservation wages, models the determinants of reservation wages, and compares reservation wages with predicted wages. Data is drawn from the Khayelitsha/Mitchell's Plain (KMP) survey. Certain factors (e.g. education, labour market status, household income and duration of unemployment) are significant in explaining variation in reservation wages. Importantly, a person's position in the labour market is not as a result of his/her reservation wage. Rather, reservation wages are a function of his/her labour market status: while those in wage-employment report a reservation wage based more on perceived labour market value, those in unemployment report a reservation wage influenced strongly by subsistence requirements. This study concludes that voluntary unemployment does not exist in KMP, with people in general reporting reservation wages well below what they could expect to earn.