Browsing by Subject "care"

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    Anatomy of the oesophagus for medical students and young doctors
    (2013) Klopper, Juan
    In this second video in the series of the management of acute conditions in surgery for medical students and young doctors we take a look at the anatomy of the oesophagus. Anatomy of the oesophagus for senior medical students preparing for their clinical exams and young doctors facing patients with acute conditions of the oesophagus.
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    Counting on children: realising the right to social assistance for child-headed households in South Africa
    (Children's Institute, 2004-08) Rosa, Solange
    As a consequence of the increasing numbers of orphans in South Africa in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, a relatively small number of children are remaining in households where there are no adult care-givers – in so-called ‘child-headed households’. Despite the lack of accurate, national data on the prevalence of such child-headed households, it is likely that the number of child-headed households in South Africa will increase as the HIV/AIDS pandemic progresses. This paper argues that, in light of this reality and future projections, under certain circumstances it may be ‘in the best interests of the child’ that child-headed households be recognised as a legitimate family form. This paper further argues that, once recognised, children living in child-headed households require social assistance from the State if they are unable to support themselves or their dependents, and that according to the South African Constitution, they are equally entitled to such assistance. Children living in child-headed households are currently unable to access financial support, in the form of the Child Support Grant, from the government, for two reasons: the administrative identification requirements placed on the applicant ‘primary care-giver’, and the lack of political will to give grants directly to these children. The Constitution obliges the State to provide social security to everyone, including social assistance if they are unable to support themselves and their dependants. In addition, the State has a responsibility to children who are orphaned and have no parental care. This paper argues that the government has an obligation to provide social assistance to children living in child- headed households, via a mechanism that is practical, reasonable and appropriate. This paper therefore analyses the problems experienced by children living in child-headed households in accessing social assistance, in particular the Child Support Grant; outlines the constitutional obligations of the State regarding social assistance towards such children; and presents a number of mechanisms – directly and through a mentor – that will ensure that child- headed households are able to access social assistance provided by the State.
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    How does AIDS illness affect women's residential decisions? Findings from an ethnographic study in a Cape Town township
    (2009) Bray, Rachel
    This paper explores the nature and consequences of residential decision-making for women on treatment for AIDS illness in a poor urban settlement in South Africa. Drawing on ethnographic data collected over a two-year period, it points to the subtle shifts in ‘householding’ practices and kinship relationships prompted by women's individual experiences and understanding of their HIV status, illness and treatment. Women's decisions to move or to arrange that other family members move can be explained by pre-existing threats to individual wellbeing or family residential security. But an HIV diagnosis can intensify a mother's thoughts and actions in relation to residential and emotional security, in particular on behalf of her children. In a context where extended periods of childcare by rural relatives is common, mothers with AIDS illness may gather all their children in their home to offer direct care, achieve intimacy and facilitate disclosure. They are likely to avoid making frequent contact with, and demands on, their elderly parents. Siblings are favoured as co-residents and confidants in disclosure, but their long-term support is contingent on reciprocity. Partners, where present, are valued for economic, social and emotional security. Women attempt to balance their children's nurturing, in the short and long term, with care of the self. Their efforts do not always succeed and can incur high costs to their wellbeing and relationships with their children.
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    How does AIDS illness affect women's residential decisions? Findings from an ethnographic study in a Cape Town township
    (National Inquiry Services Centre (NISC), 2009) Bray, Rachel
    This article explores the nature and consequences of residential decision-making for women on treatment for AIDS illness in a poor urban settlement in South Africa. Drawing on ethnographic data collected over a two-year period, it points to the subtle shifts in "householding" practices and kinship relationships prompted by women's individual experiences and understandings of their HIV status, illness and treatment. Women's decisions to move or to arrange that other family members move may be explained by pre-existing threats to individual well-being or family residential security. But an HIV diagnosis can intensify a mother's thoughts and actions in relation to residential and emotional security, in particular on behalf of her children. In a context where extended periods of childcare by rural relatives is common, mothers with AIDS illness may gather all their children to their home to offer direct care, achieve intimacy and facilitate disclosure. They are likely to avoid making frequent contact with, and demands on, their elderly parents. Siblings are favoured as co-residents and confidants in disclosure, but their long-term support is contingent on reciprocity. Partners, where present, are valued for economic, social and emotional security. Women attempt to balance their children's nurturing, in the short and long term, with care of the self. Their efforts do not always succeed and can incur high costs to their wellbeing and relationships with their children.