Browsing by Subject "capacity"

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    Investigating the capacity of the cities to manage urban flooding disasters: a case study of Sumbe, Angola
    (2025) Lemos de Lopes, Ngoia Cidalia; Sabela-Rikhotso, Phindile
    Disasters involving urban floods are a major concern worldwide, particularly in developing nations with limited capacity to manage disasters. Located on the coast of Angola and the capital of the Cuanza-Sul province in the central region of the country, Sumbe has been suffering from the negative impact of urban flooding, which has become more severe over the past five years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capacity of the Sumbe municipality to manage urban flooding disasters, focusing on two distinct communities: Assaca and Centralidade da kibaúla. With the intent to assess the City's unique challenges, this case study used qualitative methods, involving 16 key stakeholders, 2 local officials and 7 community members from Assaca and Kibaúla. Findings revealed shortcomings in infrastructure, legal frameworks, early warning systems, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts in Sumbe. While both communities, Assaca and Centralidade da Kibaúla, face comparable challenges, there were some differences in socio-economic status influencing their capacity to respond effectively. This research provides insights in order to enhance disaster preparedness as well as mitigation endeavours in similar urban contexts.
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    The South African bread cartel: a single case study exploring the scope for responsive regulation of white-collar crime in a developing country
    (2024) Patel, Varsha; Van Der Spuy, Elrena
    Criminology traditionally focused on street crimes. In 1939, Sutherland introduced the concept of white-collar crime, which encouraged criminologists to turn their attention to crimes of the rich and powerful. In particular, Australian researcher John Braithwaite has produced a large body of work on white-collar crime. Braithwaite is critical of the professionalisation of criminology that marginalises the community from regulatory activities. Braithwaite argues that the business and community sectors should play a more significant role in regulating white collar crime within conventional justice systems. According to Braithwaite, community activists and industry watchdogs can play a role in holding white-collar criminals accountable and possibly elicit restorative overtures for victims. Braithwaite acknowledges that his model is ideally suited to a developed state with the financial resources and skills to establish and oversee alternative processes. However, he suggests that his model can be adapted to developing spaces by leveraging the capacity embedded in business and community sectors and augmenting deficiencies by partnering with international groups. Recently, the actions of a whistle-blower, supported by civil society mobilisation, exposed the South African Bread Cartel and led to hefty fines for the cartelists, legislative amendments and the development of class action jurisprudence. The bread cartel case demonstrates how communities can contribute to regulating cartels. This dissertation is a single case study of the bread cartel that investigates whether responsive regulation finds resonance in South Africa. Several semi-structured, in depth interviews were conducted. The data was analysed thematically and explored themes like industry bodies, community activism and restorative justice. The findings are surprising. The success of the South African Bread Cartel seems almost accidental. The relationships between and the normative values of the state, business and community sectors appear to influence the scope for responsive regulation. In addition to capacity constraints across sectors, contextual factors like historical legacies and the size and shape of the economy may determine the scope for responsive regulation of white-collar crime in a developing country like South Africa. Such findings provide a map to guide future research.