Browsing by Subject "Sex"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle
    (2016) Bousquet, J; Hellings, P W; Agache, I; Bedbrook, A; Bachert, C; Bergmann, K C; Bewick, M; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bosnic-Anticevitch, S; Bucca, C; Caimmi, D P; Camargos, P A M; Canonica, G W; Casale, T; Chavannes, N H; Cruz, A A; De Carlo, G; Dahl, R; Demoly, P; Devillier, P; Fonseca, J; Fokkens, W J; Guldemond, N A; Haahtela, T; Illario, M; Just, J; Keil, T; Klimek, L; Kuna, P; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Morais-Almeida, M; Mullol, J
    Abstract The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (3) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders that could be used globally for all countries and populations. ARIA—disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally—is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK [MACVIA (Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK] uses mobile technology to develop care pathways for the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group and by patients themselves. An app (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.
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    Concurrent sexual partnerships and sexually transmitted diseases among African men in Cape Town, South Africa
    (Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, 2015-05-28) Maughan-Brown, Brendan
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    Invisible sexual predators & their silent crimes: exploring media constructions of female teacher sex offenders
    (2025) Parfitt, Kerewin; Tame, Bianca
    The invisibility of female sex offenders (FSOs), and the trend of denialism surrounding the phenomenon, is the social issue that foregrounds this research. Sex offending continues to be regarded as male dominated and, as a result, research has focused almost exclusively on male sex offenders (MSOs). Recent literature has, however, observed that cases of FSOs are rising, globally, and being increasingly publicised in the media. Given media influences on public perceptions, policy action, and crime and penal policies, their construction of FSOs is a good starting point to understanding the ways in which a largely invisible phenomenon is made visible. This study, approached from a social constructionist framework, uses a qualitative desktop research design and conducts a thematic analysis of forty media articles, focusing on ten FSO cases, from seven countries. The findings position the media as complicit in the continued invisibility of FSOs. This complicity is evident through their conceptualisation of the offence; their denial of female agency; their focus on constructing FSOs in terms of social normality; their conception of victimisation; their contribution to the infamy of FSOs; and their acknowledgement of the dichotomy between MSOs and FSOs. The trends of trivialisation, leniency, and denial surrounding FSOs, both in the media and academic literature, need to be addressed. Thus, the overarching aim of this research is to make the ‘invisible' FSO visible. The term used for these women across existing literature is FSO. To challenge this veiling of harmful female sexual aggressors, I comment on the ways in which media constructions of FSOs align with understandings of male rapists and male paedophiles. The related observation that the labels of rapist and paedophile are seldom used for FSOs lays the groundwork for my argument towards the degendering of sex offender typologies. As it stands, FSOs are best conceptualised as invisible sexual predators committing silent crimes.
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    Sex estimation of unidentified human remains: Concordance between morphological anthropological assessment and DNA analysis
    (2025) Leggett, Celeste Esther; Heathfield, Laura; Gibbon, Victoria
    Identifying skeletonised human remains is a challenge worldwide, and sex determination is an important part of the process. Recently in Cape Town, there have been two medico-legal death investigations involving unidentified skeletonised remains who were estimated to be female anthropologically but were biologically sexed male based on DNA analyses. This study aimed to assess the agreement of sexing methods in a Western Cape South African forensic sample of skeletonised individuals (n=126), who were morphologically estimated to have biological sex as female (n=41). Of the 41 anthropologically estimated to be female cases, 19 were excluded for being probable or likely 'archaeological'. DNA was extracted from hard tissue samples from the remaining 22 individuals and biological sex was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. DNA from thirteen cases (13/22; 59%) were amplified, with six showing evidence of Y-chromosomal DNA and inferred male sex. However, since the DNA concentrations were below the validated dynamic range, these results were suggestive only. DNA profiling confirmed that one case was male but did not provide further clarity on the biological sex of the remainder of cases due to low copy number (LCN) DNA. This study presents another confirmed case report of sex discordance between anthropological and DNA analysis for a sample of decedents from the Western Cape, South Africa. While qPCR suggested 54% (7/13) agreement and 46% (6/13) disagreement, confirmation in most cases was hindered by LCN DNA. The Western Cape population, influenced by San and Khoe ancestry, tends to have smaller body size and gracility, which may impact the accuracy of morphology-based assessments of male robusticity as they may appear more female or ambiguous. These results highlight the need to update anthropological data for the diverse South African population and implement improved molecular techniques for reliable DNA profiling. This study underscores the limitations of both anthropological and molecular sex methods and stresses the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration for accurate forensic identification.
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    Sex, poverty and HIV
    (2008) Nattrass, Nicoli
    UNAIDS has recently been subject to a series of attacks for supposedly kowtowing to political correctness by overplaying the risks of generalised HIV epidemics and failing to concentrate on the risky behaviours of key groups (notably men who have sex with men, sex workers, and injecting drug users) for fear of stigmatising them and causing offense (e.g. Chin 2007; Pisani, 2008). It has also been taken to task for highlighting gender inequality and poverty as social drivers of the HIV epidemic in Africa rather than facing the challenge of addressing the multiple concurrent sexual partnerships which really fuel it (Chin, 2007: 54; Epstein, 2007). UNAIDS officials responded by defending the institution’s record on prevention and by emphasising that the challenge is to know the local epidemic and its drivers, and to craft interventions accordingly (De Lay and De Cock, 2007; De Cock and De Lay, 2008).
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    The 'Risk Gap', Its Determinants and Economic Implications
    (CSSR and SALDRU, 2015-05-28) Anderson, Paul