Browsing by Subject "Reconstruction"

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    Cervicofacial Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction
    (2025-10-31) Manana, Wayne; Fagan, Johan
    Despite the advent of vascularised free tissue transfer flaps, cervicofacial flaps remain a ‘‘workhorse’’ for reconstruction of large cheek defects, especially in regions where economic or infrastructural facilities limit the use of free tissue transfer flaps. First described by Esser in 1918, the cervicofacial flap was subsequently described in its modern form by Juri and Juri in 1979. It is a random flap comprising skin, subcutaneous fat, superficial neck veins, and pla-tysma muscle. It includes the delicate supeficial cervical fascia just deep to skin that envelopes the platysma and muscles of facial expression and extends from the epicranium above to the axilla and upper chest below; over the face it is represented by the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). The cervicofacial flap has a wide pedicle and can be employed to cover large anterolateral craniofacial defects. Superiorly it can reach the supraorbital margin, laterally the postauricular area, and medially up to the midline.
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    Evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel in proton–proton collisions at √s=8TeVwith the ATLAS detector using the Matrix Element Method
    (2016) Aad, G; Abbott, B; Abdallah, J; Abdinov, O; Aben, R; Abolins, M; AbouZeid, O S; Abramowicz, H; Abreu, H; Abreu, R; Abulaiti, Y; Acharya, B S; Adamczyk, L; Adams, D L; Adelman, J; Adomeit, S; Adye, T; Affolder, A A; Agatonovic-Jovin, T; Agricola, J; Aguilar-Saavedra, J A; Ahlen, S P; Ahmadov, F; Aielli, G; Akerstedt, H; Åkesson, T P A; Akimov, A V; Alberghi, G L; Albert, J; Albrand, S; Alconada Verzini, M J; Aleksa, M
    This Letter presents evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel using proton– proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed on events containing one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two b-tagged jets in the final state. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 . The signal is extracted using a maximum-likelihood fit of a discriminant which is based on the matrix element method and optimized in order to separate single-top-quark s-channel events from the main background contributions, which are top-quark pair production and W boson production in association with heavy-flavour jets. The measurement leads to an observed signal significance of 3.2 standard deviations and a measured cross-section of σs = 4.8±0.8(stat.)+1.6 −1.3 (syst.) pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model expectation. The expected significance for the analysis is 3.9 standard deviations.