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- ItemOpen AccessBarriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care : a case study of a teaching hospital, Nigeria(2014) Gimba, Solomon Musa; Duma, SineguguBarriers to the provision of psychiatric nursing care have been reported worldwide, although literature on these barriers in Nigeria is limited. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, using the case study methodology. A sample of 12 participants was recruited for the study, comprising four key informants and eight study participants. The data collection methods included grand tour interviews with the key informants, in-depth interviews with key informants and other study participants and participant observation of all 12 participants. Content analysis was conducted. It yielded five themes related to barriers, namely: personal barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, relationship related barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, environmental barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, organisational barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care and “public” related barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care. The sixth theme: Motivators to provision of psychiatric nursing care despite barriers was discovered serendipitously. These findings are in line with previous findings of studies carried out in other settings. The study findings raise the need for management to value the psychiatric nurses, refrain from the use of derogatory statements and passing comments and place high value on the educational and career progression of the psychiatric nurses and the design of a therapeutic environment.
- ItemOpen AccessBeyond the feeding relationship: mothers' descriptions of interaction within the mother-child dyad(2009) Barbard, Penelope Jane; Coetzee, Minette; Mayers, PatThe mother-child relationship is a key determinant of child health. Current evidence acknowledges that impaired mother-child interaction affects social, emotional, cognitive and behavioural development in infants. Disrupted interaction within the mother-child dyad can be caused by a variety of factors including prolonged separation, illness, abusive relationships, maternal stress and other psychosocial disturbances. Post-Partum Depression (PPD), in particular, compromises mother-child interaction. Despite the fact that recent studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of PPD in low-income communities is approximately three times that found in first world countries, mother-child interaction is seldom evaluated and facilitated in primary care. Physical growth is often the only measure of infant health and development. The objectives of this qualitative study were to explore the mother's description of mother-child interaction; the importance that the mother ascribes to this interaction; and the mother's perception of the factors which facilitated interaction within the mother-child dyad. First-time mothers were purposively sampled and semi-structured interviews were conducted. After general inductive analysis of the verbatim transcriptions of the interviews, five main themes emerged. These were: (2)"What I expected" which described expectations around the birth and the impact on mother-child interaction, (2) "Isn't one supposed to feel ... ?" explored the mothers concerns regarding interaction, emotions and adaptation, (3) "Connecting with my baby" described a process of physical connectedness which enhanced emotional connectedness, (4)"We reflect each other's feelings " illustrated how feelings are echoed between mother and baby and empathy developed, and (5) "That helped/hindered our interaction " described factors which eased the fluency of mother-child interaction. These findings are discussed in relation to neuro-scientific developmental theories; namely Porges' Polyvagal Theory of subconscious adaptation for social behaviour and security strategies, and The Mirror Neuron Theory which describes mechanisms of imitation and the development of empathy. Factors which enhanced mother-child interaction are discussed within the context of a changing society. The findings suggest the potential value of including the facilitation of mother-child interaction in the practice of health professionals, particularly midwives and other workers in maternal and child health. This may include training in non-directive counselling of mothers, the recognition of disengaged mother-child interaction, and relationship facilitation. This study emphasizes the importance of mother-child interaction and that health professionals need to be aware of the potential for maternal mental health problems after birth, and the long-term consequences of poor mother-child interaction on infant health.
- ItemOpen AccessBreastfeeding intentions and practices of women in Plateau State, Nigeria : a cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal clinics in selected hospitals(2014) Emmanuel, Andy; Clow, SheilaBreastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months of a child’s life, and subsequently continuing to breastfeed until the child is 2 years old, potentially reduces maternal and child morbidity and mortality and has numerous benefits for mother and child. Infant feeding practices can change within a short period due to several modifiable factors. Underpinned by the Health Belief Model, this study attempted to identify the breastfeeding practices of women and the factors that influence these practices. The study also assessed mothers’ intentions to breastfeed the baby/infant following delivery of the current pregnancy.
- ItemOpen AccessThe childbirth experiences of adolescent mothers in the Western Cape(2016) Füzy, Elizabeth; Clow, Sheila; Fouché, NicolaObjective: The objective of this study was to explore the lived childbirth experiences of middle adolescent mothers between 14 and 16 years of age. Methodology: A qualitative design was followed, using Husserl's phenomenological approach. Information was gathered by semi-structured conversations. Identified themes and sub-themes (Colaizzi's steps) were presented to participants for authentication during follow-up conversations. Study Setting: Two hospitals in the Cape Town Metropolitan area, Western Cape, South Africa. Participants: Six adolescent girls between the ages of 14 and 16 years of age who had normal vaginal births of healthy, term infants. Findings: An over-arching theme of preservation of personhood was identified. Themes and sub-themes were derived according to three Husserlian phenomenological concepts. Within these concepts three essential themes emerged from the conversations: i) essences: physically underdeveloped and emotionally unprepared for childbirth, ii) intentionality and consciousness: an unsettled state of mind during childbirth, and iii) life-world: feeling physically and emotionally overwhelmed by the experience. Conclusion: The participants highly valued the presence of a support person; they indicated that their mothers were their first choice. Friendly, helpful, respectful and non-judgmental care from nurses and midwives were associated with more positive birth experiences while humiliation, victimisation and rudeness were associated with negative birth experiences. Implications for adolescent-friendly practice: A condensed form of antenatal education is needed together with adolescent-friendly health care services to ensure better preparedness and experiences. Shared-decision making regarding certain aspects of childbirth is necessary. Continuous labour support is an important coping strategy and pain management is vital. Additional training is needed to address midwives' attitudes. Quality assessment tools are needed to address the mistreatment of maternity patients in health care facilities.
- ItemOpen AccessCommunity health workers & professional nurses : a descriptive study of their relationship in two Western Cape communities(2000) Doherty, Tanya; Coetzee, MinetteBibliography: leaves 151-160.
- ItemOpen AccessThe costs and benefits of nurse migration to their families in Maseru, Lesotho(2008) Ntlale, Matsola Evelyn; Duma, SineguguHealth professionals including nurses from developing countries are currently leaving their native countries at an alarming rate to work in other countries, especially developed countries. As such developing countries are faced with the depletion of skilled human resource and Lesotho is no exception in this regard. These nurses are leaving their families, however, the impact of nurse migration is not known on the families left behind. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of family members of migrating nurses with regard to the costs and benefits on their lives.
- ItemOpen AccessA critical analysis of the concept 'care' in the practice and discourse of nursing(1999) Haegert, Sandy; Shutte, Augustine; Kyriacos, UnaThis research sought to answer the question: " What meanings has the nursing profession given to the concept 'caring'"? This was achieved by means of a three-fold approach: interpretive phenomenology combined with linguistic analysis [Wittgenstein's as interpreted by Bowden], and, a conceptual philosophical framework. Narratives, from registered nurses working in hospices and oncology/haematology units, were obtained and analyzed through juxtaposing them with selected theorists, and each other, to construct 'family resemblances' and 'layers of understanding'. Their meanings, obtained by requesting them to draw on memories of being cared-for or caring, resulted in descriptive understandings of their use of the concept 'care'; and, to a relational ethic enabling the construal of a normative ethic: one allegedly embedded in the practice and experience of these practitioners. The findings show it is not possible to give a simple definition to explain the concept 'caring'. The meanings, contained in the collected narratives, reveal strong 'family resemblances' in their usage of the term, verifying the Wittgensteinian observation: that no single meaning, no singular essence captures every cultural, individualized use of the term. The findings pointed to these 'meanings' being 'private' but not in the sense of being 'false'. Within the research one becomes aware that the term 'care' is not an ethical notion. To be ethical care is dependent upon context and responsible attitudes and actions. The discourses comprise the personal 'passion', an ethical ideal, held by most respondents; but, their ideal was not always the caring they were enabled to give. Institutionalized care whether hospice or not fell below the ideal because of socio-economic constraints and concerns. The original thesis question was from O'Malley: "[W]hether in encounter man himself makes his own meaning or is made by the meaning made of and for him ...". This research led to the assertion that the reality of the practice setting shapes the 'public' meaning of caring these practitioners act upon, but, they shape their own 'private' meanings and implement it on a micro level. It is at the macro-level of care/caring that there should also be concern. Although not true of all respondents, a possible reason for this less-than-ideal-type caring is the possibility that in institutions there are nurses who for some reason(s) fail to 'grow' - to develop in a fully integrated way that includes the freedom to exercise one's spirituality and to become morally caring not merely on a micro [one-to-one] basis but on a macro level [whole unit basis].
- ItemOpen AccessCritical care nurses' experience of the sudden unexpected death of a patient : a phenomenological study(2003) Turner, Roseanne Elizabeth; Mayers, Pat; Oskowitz, beverleyBibliography: leaves 115-129.
- ItemOpen AccessA description of the self-perceived roles of registered nurses in student health services in selected tertiary institutions in South Africa(2006) Adams, Bridget; Mayers, PatIncludes bibliographical references.
- ItemOpen AccessA descriptive survey of renal unit practitioners' knowledge, attitude and practice relative to use and effects of unfractionated heparin in selected adult chronic haemodialysis centres in the Cape Town metropole(2014) Ockhuis, Debra; Kyriacos, UnaBackground: Chronic haemodialysis treatment of 3-4 hours' duration two or three times a week is the most common renal replacement therapy for adult patients diagnosed with stage 5 end-stage kidney failure. During the procedure 200-250 ml/minute of the patient's blood volume is extracorporeal and patency of the circuit is maintained by an anticoagulant, for example, unfractionated heparin (UFH). Incorrect dosage or time of administration of UFH can have serious adverse effects if not fatal consequences for patients. It is important to perform base-line clotting studies before the initial administration and subsequent doses of UFH. There is a paucity of published information on renal unit practitioners' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) concerning the administration of UFH globally and no published South African studies were located. Aim: To describe renal unit practitioners' self-reported KAP regarding use and effects of UFH in purposively selected adult chronic haemodialysis centres in the Cape Town Metropole. Secondly, to determine whether there is an association between KAP regarding the use and effects of unfractionated heparin and selected variables (category of renal unit practitioner, years of experience, duration of orientation to the adult chronic haemodialysis unit and in-service education on the pharmacology of UFH).
- ItemOpen AccessA descriptive survey of the nursing workforce in critical care unit in hospitals of the Western Cape Province(2006) Gillespie, Rencia S; Kyriacos, Una; Mayers, PatA global shortage of Registered Nurses (RNs) has been reported internationally, and confirmed in South Africa by the National Audit of Critical Care services. Critical Care Nurses (CCNs) especially are in great demand and short supply. This has affected the quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to perform a workforce analysis and needs assessment of critical care nursing services in the Western Cape Province as at 1 January 2005. The study design is a descriptive survey conducted on site in the critical care units of the private and public sector hospitals of the Western Cape, using a structured questionnaire, with a 96.5% return rate. Findings showed that the 35 hospitals surveyed in the public and private healthcare sectors had 80 functional critical care units including Intensive Care Units and High Care Units for adults, children and neonates, and High Dependency Units for adults. Factors that contribute to the demand for critical care nurses include the number of critical care beds, patient admissions, severity of illness, available facilities, medical, nursing and support staff. Compared to internationally accepted norms, the Western Cape units have a deficit of 74% of Registered Nurses (RNs) in the public sector hospitals, and a deficit of 82% in the private sector. This equates to an actual shortage of 3010 RNs for both sectors. If all categories of nursing staff are included in the calculation, the public sector meets 49% of its requirements and the private sector 24%. Half of the private sector and 28.9% of the public sector Registered Nurses are Critical Care Nurses. Few measures appear to be taken to recruit and retain nursing staff. The number of students being trained at both the undergraduate (300 during 2004) and the postgraduate (80 CCNs during 2004) level at the educational institutions, in conjunction with the hospitals, is inadequate. Clinical training institutions are available, but the numbers of educators and clinical mentors are inadequate to train the number of nurses required to meet the demand.
- ItemOpen AccessThe development and validation of a modified Situation-Background-Assessment-recommendation (SBAR) communication tool for reporting early signs of deterioration in patients(2015) Burger, Debora; Kyriacos, Una; Jordan, Sue EBackground: Errors in communication are prevalent in healthcare and affect patient safety and cause unnecessary patient deaths. Reporting early signs of physiological or clinical deterioration could improve patient safety and prevent 'failure to rescue' or unexpected intensive care admissions, cardiac arrest or death. The structured Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) communication tool enables nurses to provide doctors with pertinent information about a deteriorating patient in a logical order, based on a complete assessment. In addition, nurses have increased confidence in their findings and are better able to initiate a call and to convince a doctor to provide orders promptly or see a patient. Aim: The aim of this sub-study of a randomized controlled trial was to develop and validate a modified SBAR communication tool incorporating components of a local MEWS vital signs observations chart. Methods: The modified SBAR communication tool was developed following a review of available published examples and validated by employing a mixed methods approach: 1) cognitive interviews (n=3 nurses, 2 doctors), 2) determining the index of content validity with nurses (n=5), physicians (n=5) and surgeons (n=8) and 3) inter-rater reliability testing, with calculation of kappa values (n=2 nurses). Results: Cognitive interviews prompted more changes to the modified SBAR communication tool than determined by the content validity index. For cognitive interviews, there were 15/42 (35.71 %) modifications: 11 items were added (26.19 %) and three removed, (7.14 %) resulting in 49 items whereas for content validity index there were 4/49 (8.16%) modifications, 5/49 (10.20%) items removed and one item added (2.04%). Four of 49 items (8.16%) rated as relevant by <70% of nurses and doctors were revised or deleted. No additional modifications were needed following review by surgeons, as all items were rated as relevant by the pre-determined ≥70% of experts. Inter-rater reliability of the SBAR tool was established by two nurses who were mostly in substantial to full agreement on 37/45 items on the modified tool. The exceptions were: 'Calling from' (Cohen's Kappa-0.05) and 'this is a change from' (Cohen's Kappa-0.07), representing agreement below the level of chance. However, the high percentage agreement and nature of the questions suggest that the questions are sound. Percentage agreement amongst participants for these items was 91 % (95% confidence interval (CI): 71 to 99 ) and 86% (95% CI: 65 to 97 ) respectively. Deciding whether a doctor should see the patient now (Cohen's Kappa 0.09) or in the next 30 minutes, achieved fair agreement (Cohen's Kappa 0.20). This reflects a difference in clinical judgement as the decision when to call for assistance depended on the individual nurse's clinical judgement. IRR was not possible to test on 4/45 items, as those items required a response by the person being summoned. Overall, nine of 42 items were removed, 12 were added and 19 substantially modified, leaving 45 items. Conclusion: The modified SBAR communication tool was valid and reliable for use in a local context in conjunction with the Cape Town Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) vital EWS) vital signs chart.
- ItemOpen AccessDevelopment and validation of a questionnaire on nurses' knowledge and recognition of early signs of clinical deterioration(2018) Berning, Briony; Kyriacos, UnaIntroduction: There is evidence-based concern that nurses on general wards do not recognise signs of physiological and clinical deterioration and delay calling for more skilled assistance for review of a patient showing signs of deterioration. Aim: The development and validation of a questionnaire to assess factors influencing general ward nurses’ ability to recognise and respond to patient deterioration; nurses’ knowledge of physiological and clinical parameters associated with patient deterioration; and nurses’ self-reported clinical reasoning ability. Methodology: A mixed methods sequential 4-phase study design was employed: 1) an indepth literature review to identify and develop content domains and item statements for a prototype questionnaire; 2) determining the index of content validity (CVI) (n=5 expert registered professional nurses) of all item statements; 3) conducting cognitive interviews (n=3 expert registered professional nurses) to explore face validity and the quality of the revised prototype questionnaire; and 4) assessing stability of the final validated questionnaire through test-retest reliability testing (n=30 nurses: Registered Professional Nurses with four years of training, Enrolled Nurses with two years of training, Enrolled Nursing Auxiliaries with one year of training) two weeks apart. Results: The CVI exceeded the pre-set proportion of ≥70% agreement for 56/65 (86.2%) item statements scoring 3 (relevant only needing minor editing) or 4 (extremely relevant); removal of 3/65 (4.6%) items from the prototype questionnaire. Cognitive interviews then resulted in amendment of 30/78 (38.5%) item statements; removal of 2/78 (2.6%) from the revised prototype questionnaire. The weighted kappa statistic for level of agreement beyond chance for nurse respondents’ test-retest data was fair (0.21-0.4) for 18/47 (38.3%) items, moderate (0.41-0.6) for 12/47 (25.5%) items and substantial (0.61-0.8) for 13/47 (27.7%) items. Registered Professional Nurses’ responses between time 1 and time 2 were more consistent than for Enrolled Nurses and Nursing Auxiliaries. Conclusion and recommendations: The researcher-developed questionnaire was validated by registered professional nurses, but there is concern about its stability, tested on three categories of nurses. The questionnaire should be reassessed for content and face validity using a sample inclusive of all categories for nurses who take and interpret patients’ vital signs in an attempt to improve the reliability of the questionnaire.
- ItemOpen AccessDevelopment of Woman-Centred Midwife-led Model of Care through Participatory Methods for the Uasin Gishu County Hospital, Kenya(2020) Rotich, Everlyne Chepkemoi; Coetzee, Minette; Clow, SheilaBackground: The concept woman-centred care is gaining currency in maternity care and is increasingly being used to guide provision of quality care. The midwifery philosophy supports woman-centred care and is associated with positive pregnancy and birth outcomes. Development of a woman-centred midwife-led model of care requires involvement of the users (women), service providers (midwives), and health administrators to ensure representativeness of the model. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore, through participatory methods, the views of women midwives and health service managers on current maternity care, and describe desired maternity care and develop a woman-centred maternity care model for Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Methodology: Appreciative Inquiry 4-D cycle was used in the study. The Human Scale Development framework guided the study. Thirty two midwives, 85 women attending maternity and well-baby services at the facility, and four facility and three county health service managers participated in the study. Focus group discussions and interviews were carried out from May 2015 to April 2016 using the four phases of the Appreciative Inquiry cycle. Phase one “discovered” what best maternity care looks like, phase two “dreamt” what best maternity care would look like, phase three “designed” the model, and phase four “destiny” was used for development of implementation strategies. Data was analysed using thematic analysis augmented by thematic networks analysis and NVIVO 11 software. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Cape Town and the Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Research Ethics Committees. Individual's participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained and confidentiality maintained. There was no compensation for participation.
- ItemOpen AccessDistinctive nursing practices in working with mothers to care for hospitalised children at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a descriptive observational study(2020-04-19) North, Natasha; Leonard, Angela; Bonaconsa, Candice; Duma, Thobeka; Coetzee, MinetteBackground The presence of family members and their active involvement in caring for hospitalised children is an established practice in many African paediatric settings, with family members often regarded as a resource. This aspect of African paediatric nursing practice lacks formal expression or a clear conceptual basis, and difficulties arise when applying concepts of family involvement originating from the culturally distinct practice environments of higher resourced settings including Europe and America. The aim of this study was to articulate a nurse-led practice innovation intended to facilitate family involvement in the care of hospitalised children, observed in a paediatric inpatient ward in a district hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods A qualitative case study design was used. Data collection included visual research methods (graphic facilitation, sociograms and photo-elicitation) as well as a focus group, interviews and practice observation. Activities associated with 20 nurses and 22 mother-child dyads were observed. Data were subjected to content analysis, with Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) applied. Results Findings relate to six aspects of practice, categorised thematically as: preserving the mother-child pair; enabling continuous presence; psychological support and empathy; sharing knowledge; mothers as a resource; and belief and trust. Conclusion The nursing practices and organisational policies observed in this setting relating to the facilitation of continuous maternal presence represent a distinctive nursing practice innovation. This deliberate practice contrasts with models of care provision which originate in higher resourced settings including Europe and America, such as Family Centred Care, and contrasts with informal practices in local African settings which tolerate the presence of mothers in other settings, as well as local institutional policies which limit mothers’ presence to varying extents.
- ItemOpen AccessEffects of a psychosocial intervention on the quality of life or primary caregivers of women with breast cancer in Abuja, Nigeria(2017) Gabriel, Israel Olatunji; Mayers, PatStudies have shown that limited attention has been paid to the psychosocial wellbeing of caregivers of patients undergoing care and treatment for breast cancer in Nigeria. There are no interventions in place to cater for their needs despite, the psychological problems faced by this group of people. This study investigated the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention in term of impact on the quality of life (QOL) of primary caregivers of women with breast cancer in Abuja, Nigeria. Using a quasiexperimental design, sample of 108 participants assigned to the intervention and control groups, the study made use of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) to measure caregiver burden and QOL respectively. The hypothesis for the study was that the primary caregivers of women with breast cancer who receive a psychosocial intervention programme will report improved QOL compared with caregivers who do not attend a psychosocial intervention programme. The study established that there were a negative linear relationship between caregiver burden and QOL (R = -0.45, p < 0.001) as a basis for intervention, and also that 29% variance of QOL could be explained by caregiver burden. The intervention results showed that at baseline 51.9% participants reported moderate to severe burden and 48.1% reported severe burden. These figures reduced to 22.3% and 12.6% for moderate to severe and severe burden respectively at 6 weeks after intervention, and further reduced to 18.6% and 4.9% respectively at 12 weeks after intervention. Comparing the QOL of the intervention and control groups, the results showed a significant difference on the score at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. However, looking at performance of the intervention group, there was no significant different at baseline and 6 weeks (t=0.83, p < 0.05), and baseline and 12 weeks (t=1.65, p < 0.05). With reference to the caregiver burden of the intervention and control groups, it was found that a significant difference existed at baseline (t=9.33, p < 0.001). In respect of the impact of the intervention on caregiver burden of the intervention group, results showed a significant difference between baseline and 6 weeks (t=30.34, p < 0.001) and between baseline and 12 weeks (t = 36.80, p < 0.001) after intervention. The study concluded that the psycho-education intervention significantly affected caregiver burden but did not affect caregivers' QOL. Therefore, there is a need for a psycho-education intervention for caregivers of patients with breast cancer, in order to reduce the burden and help them cope with the work of caregiving. Appropriate supportive interventions should be made available to support the close family members of patients with breast cancer in order to reduce caregiver burden. Relevant stakeholders in the healthcare sector especially in palliative care should promote awareness of carer needs. The provision of intervention programmes for caregivers requires further research to develop contextually specific programmes and services which will improve the QOL of caregivers.
- ItemOpen AccessEffects of decreasing maternal separation of under 6-month old infants directly before and after surgery on allostatic load and outcomes : a randomised control trail [i.e. trial](2014) Ssenyonga, Lydia V N; Coetzee, Minette; Bergman, NilsThe current understanding is that infants below six months old do not show separation anxiety (Bretherton, 1985). The objective of the study was to measure the evidence of stress using heart rate variability and impedance cardiograph as indicators of autonomic nervous system activation in order to determine whether decreasing maternal separation of under 6-month-old infants directly before and after surgery decreases their stress experience. The hypothesis was a mother’s presence makes a difference to the autonomic response to stress in infants under six months old undergoing elective hernia surgery.
- ItemOpen AccessEngaging male university student leaders in the adaptation process of the one man can intervention (OMCI) to inform sexual violence prevention strategies in student residences: a case study(2016) De Villiers,Tania; Duma, Sinegugu; Abrahams, NaeemaSexual violence is a human rights violation, which affects physical, sexual, reproductive, mental and social well-being. The overwhelming burden of sexual violence is borne mostly by women and children at the hands of men. The university environment is no exception, and the impacts of sexual violence on students are multiple and complex. The extent of sexual violence in universities in South Africa is largely unknown, but local media allude to its common occurrence. University residences have been identified as communities at risk for sexual violence globally, and recent developments in primary prevention interventions for sexual violence globally and in South Africa provide opportunities to address this issue among university students. The focus of this thesis was on primary prevention, recognising that men are part of the solution. Male university student leaders residing in residences were engaged in a participatory process of adapting the One Man Can Intervention, which is a South African community-based primary prevention intervention to address Gender Based Violence and spread of HIV infection. The One Man Can Intervention has never been adapted for use with university students and although numerous sexual violence prevention interventions have been implemented and found to be effective in higher education institutions in other developed countries, no primary prevention interventions have yet been reported within South African university residences. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the process of adaptation and implementation of the One Man Can Intervention with male university students to inform primary prevention strategies against sexual violence within university residences. A qualitative research methodology was used to conduct this study, using a case study design. Process evaluation was used to understand the case. Participants included 15 student leaders from five male university residences who participated in the series of workshops, which evolved into the adapted intervention. The study used focus groups, direct observations, participants' reflections and semi-structured interviews. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the data. The adaptation process led to development of a new intervention of six workshops, named by the participants 'Men With Conscience', which indicated ownership of the adapted intervention. The findings suggest that through participation in a series of six workshops, which addressed issues around gender norms and values, societal pressures for men's behaviour, understanding rape, bystander intervention and fostering healthy relationships, change was shown to be happening in the young men over the period of participation. Participants were challenged to think critically about sexual violence; they reflected on their role as men in prevention of sexual violence; they reached a turning point after they understood what rape meant and they called upon themselves to become accountable for prevention of sexual violence within the university structures and beyond. This case study and qualitative data provide some evidence of how men can engage in discussions to prevent sexual violence. The study concludes with seven recommendations: sexual violence prevention policies for the university setting; dedicated resources and funding for prevention of sexual violence interventions; incorporation of a public health approach to prevention of sexual violence; testing and implementation of the Men With Conscience model at universities in South Africa; curriculum development; and engagement of male students in prevention and training of student leaders on sexual violence.
- ItemMetadata onlyEngaging male university student leaders in the adaptation process of the One Man Can Intervention (OMCI) to inform sexual violence prevention strategies in student residences: a case study(2016) De Villiers, Tania; Duma, Sinegugu; Abrahams, NaeemaSexual violence is a human rights violation, which affects physical, sexual, reproductive, mental and social well-being. The overwhelming burden of sexual violence is borne mostly by women and children at the hands of men. The university environment is no exception, and the impacts of sexual violence on students are multiple and complex. The extent of sexual violence in universities in South Africa is largely unknown, but local media allude to its common occurrence. University residences have been identified as communities at risk for sexual violence globally, and recent developments in primary prevention interventions for sexual violence globally and in South Africa provide opportunities to address this issue among university students. The focus of this thesis was on primary prevention, recognising that men are part of the solution. Male university student leaders residing in residences were engaged in a participatory process of adapting the One Man Can Intervention, which is a South African community-based primary prevention intervention to address Gender Based Violence and spread of HIV infection. The One Man Can Intervention has never been adapted for use with university students and although numerous sexual violence prevention interventions have been implemented and found to be effective in higher education institutions in other developed countries, no primary prevention interventions have yet been reported within South African university residences. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the process of adaptation and implementation of the One Man Can Intervention with male university students to inform primary prevention strategies against sexual violence within university residences. A qualitative research methodology was used to conduct this study, using a case study design. Process evaluation was used to understand the case. Participants included 15 student leaders from five male university residences who participated in the series of workshops, which evolved into the adapted intervention. The study used focus groups, direct observations, participants' reflections and semi-structured interviews. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the data. The adaptation process led to development of a new intervention of six workshops, named by the participants 'Men With Conscience', which indicated ownership of the adapted intervention. The findings suggest that through participation in a series of six workshops, which addressed issues around gender norms and values, societal pressures for men's behaviour, understanding rape, bystander intervention and fostering healthy relationships, change was shown to be happening in the young men over the period of participation. Participants were challenged to think critically about sexual violence; they reflected on their role as men in prevention of sexual violence; they reached a turning point after they understood what rape meant and they called upon themselves to become accountable for prevention of sexual violence within the university structures and beyond. This case study and qualitative data provide some evidence of how men can engage in discussions to prevent sexual violence. The study concludes with seven recommendations: sexual violence prevention policies for the university setting; dedicated resources and funding for prevention of sexual violence interventions; incorporation of a public health approach to prevention of sexual violence; testing and implementation of the Men With Conscience model at universities in South Africa; curriculum development; and engagement of male students in prevention and training of student leaders on sexual violence.
- ItemOpen AccessEnhancing the role of nurses in substance abuse intervention : a study of nurses and nursing lecturers in the Western Cape(2000) Sheard, Denise; Clow, Sheila; Flisher, Alan JBibliography: leaves 134-158.