Browsing by Subject "Gastrointestinal Hormones"

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    The hormonal mechanism of intestinal adaptation
    (1985) Sagor, Geoffrey Roland; Bloom, S R
    The gastrointestinal tract has a large functional reserve. This is particularly true of the small intestine, and early studies by Flint in 1912, showed that dogs could withstand 50%-70% small intestinal resection, returning to normal health after an initial period of weight loss and malabsorption. No doubt, this reserve is in part due to the very high rate of epithelial proliferation in small bowel mucosa. Intestinal adaptation is the result of morphological and functional changes, and while these parameters can be accurately appreciated, the mechanisms by which these changes take place, are still under active investigation. This section summarises the changes, both structural and functional, in the adaptive process, and this is followed by a review of the background work done on the possible mechanism of adaptation. The normal anatomy of intestinal mucosa is however, considered first. Most of the work done to date in the field of intestinal adaptation, involves the small bowel, and this part of the gut will be discussed predominantly, but data available on colonic growth will be mentioned.
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    On the humoral mediation of the intestinal phase of gastric secretion
    (1973) Kester, Ralph Charles
    The existence of a stimulatory intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion has been suspected for some time, and recently the importance of this phase has been recognized. The intestinal phase is of particular interest in relation to the profound gastric hypersecretion associated with portacaval anastomosis. The results of many studies in dogs, and recently in man, have demonstrated conclusively that shunt-related gastric hyper-secretion is due to unmasking of the intestinal phase by hepatic bypass of a humoral stimulant that is normally inactivated by the liver. Definitive experiments have shown that this humoral agent is a hormone that arises in the jejunum. Elaboration of the hormone is triggered both by the entry of food into the jejunum and by a brief period of jejunal distension with a balloon.