Browsing by Subject "Funding"

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    African development bank infrastructure investments in Somalia: an analysis of multilateral development funding within a high-risk socio-economic and political context
    (2025) Karaca, Resul; Chitonge, Horman
    The analysis of the African Development Bank's infrastructure investments in Somalia as a Multilateral Development Bank was the main focus of this study. The rationale behind AfDB investments in Somalia, which is unstable politically and economically - and faces terrorism as a threat - was examined. To be able to assess this rationale, the framework for infrastructure development theory was used because it assesses the relationship between infrastructure investments and economic development in general by looking at the contributions of various infrastructure investments. In this study, AfDB investments in Somalia are evaluated within this framework. This theory contends that infrastructure investments, as an input factor, contribute to economic development by lowering unemployment and poverty. To gather the data and draw the appropriate conclusions, semi-structured interviews with NGOs, individuals who are involved in AfDB Somali fund, and Somali officials who oversee these investments were conducted. Additionally, secondary data was used to supplement interviews, the primary data source, and to determine investment statistics. In the case of Somalia, information about the most recent status of these investments as well as information about the issues encountered in the investment environment were revealed, in addition to the context for justifying infrastructure investments. This study concluded that AfDB is attempting to use its infrastructure investments to increase the legitimacy of government institutions in Somalia in order to counteract terrorist groups. Although AfDB has been very successful in water and sanitation and capacity-building projects, the size of current investments makes it impossible for the energy investments and road infrastructure program to be as successful. Therefore, increasing AfDB's investment volume is of great importance. In its current state, this volume of investment militates against the goals of reducing the legitimacy of terrorist organizations and increasing the visibility of public power nationwide. AfDB should also continue to assist Somalia in achieving the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) completion point, which is crucial for increasing its infrastructure spending. Thus, this study adds new knowledge about why AfDB, a regional multilateral development bank, continues to make investments in a nation with unfavorable political and economic conditions.
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    Estimating the risk of declining funding for malaria in Ghana: the case for continued investment in the malaria response
    (2020-06-01) Shretta, Rima; Silal, Sheetal P; Malm, Keziah; Mohammed, Wahjib; Narh, Joel; Piccinini, Danielle; Bertram, Kathryn; Rockwood, Jessica; Lynch, Matt
    Background Ghana has made impressive progress against malaria, decreasing mortality and morbidity by over 50% between 2005 and 2015. These gains have been facilitated in part, due to increased financial commitment from government and donors. Total resources for malaria increased from less than USD 25 million in 2006 to over USD 100 million in 2011. However, the country still faces a high burden of disease and is at risk of declining external financing due to its strong economic growth and the consequential donor requirements for increased government contributions. The resulting financial gap will need to be met domestically. The purpose of this study was to provide economic evidence of the potential risks of withdrawing financing to shape an advocacy strategy for resource mobilization. Methods A compartmental transmission model was developed to estimate the impact of a range of malaria interventions on the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria between 2018 and 2030. The model projected scenarios of common interventions that allowed the attainment of elimination and those that predicted transmission if interventions were withheld. The outputs of this model were used to generate costs and economic benefits of each option. Results Elimination was predicted using the package of interventions outlined in the national strategy, particularly increased net usage and improved case management. Malaria elimination in Ghana is predicted to cost USD 961 million between 2020 and 2029. Compared to the baseline, elimination is estimated to prevent 85.5 million cases, save 4468 lives, and avert USD 2.2 billion in health system expenditures. The economic gain was estimated at USD 32 billion in reduced health system expenditure, increased household prosperity and productivity gains. Through malaria elimination, Ghana can expect to see a 32-fold return on their investment. Reducing interventions, predicted an additional 38.2 clinical cases, 2500 deaths and additional economic losses of USD 14.1 billion. Conclusions Malaria elimination provides robust epidemiological and economic benefits, however, sustained financing is need to accelerate the gains in Ghana. Although government financing has increased in the past decade, the amount is less than 25% of the total malaria financing. The evidence generated by this study can be used to develop a robust domestic strategy to overcome the financial barriers to achieving malaria elimination in Ghana.