Browsing by Subject "Delivery"

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    A centile chart for birth weight for an urban population of the Western Cape
    (1995) Theron, G B; Thompson, M L
    Evidence from large epidemiological studies has supported concern that being born light for gestational age (LiGA) may be detrimental. The incidence of LiGA babies is an important indicator of the health of women of reproductive age in deprived communities. In the assessment of LiGA in the Western Cape, centile charts constructed for populations in other parts of the world are generally used. These charts, however, may not be appropriate. Patients residing in the area served by the Tygerberg Hospital obstetric service, who booked early with singleton pregnancies, had their gestational age confirmed by early ultrasound and delivered between 1 March 1989 and 28 February 1990 were included in the study. The sample consisted of 3 643 patients. The mean birth weight was 2 995 g (SD 573 g) and the range 760 - 5 080 g. The distribution of birth weight at each week of gestation from 28 to 42 weeks was not normal. The 4-parameter Johnson family of densities was used to model the distribution of birth weight at each gestational age. A comparison of the distribution of birth weight in the study relative to the perinatal growth chart for international reference constructed by Dunn was also made. In addition to considering an overall chart, the sample was subdivided according to a number of characteristics (e.g. gender, firstborn and latter-born babies, smoking habit, hypertensive disorders and induction of labour) in order to explore their impact on the distribution of birth weight. Having explored the potential impact of all these factors, it was concluded that a single chart including all patients could be constructed.
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    Evaluating the impact of innovative cyber technologies on the delivery process of South African sustainable affordable housing
    (2025) Mahachi, Jeffrey; Michell, Kathleen; Moghayedi, Alireza
    The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of innovative technologies on the delivery and affordability of low-income housing in South Africa. Given the rising demand for affordable housing due to a growing population and urbanisation, the study aimed to investigate the role of new technologies in enhancing housing delivery. The study explored the use of various innovative technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Building Information Modelling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), 3D Printing, Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Smart Sensors, Modular and Prefabrication, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), and Project Portfolio Management (PPM) as potential solutions. The research adopted a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The target population included home developers, experts, policymakers, and academics involved in affordable housing development. Qualitative data were gathered through expert interviews until saturation was achieved, while quantitative data was obtained from 100 survey questions filled out by experts involved with affordable housing in South Africa. The data analysis method consisted of thematic analysis and descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study indicated that these innovative technologies have the potential to not only accelerate the delivery of affordable housing but also make it more cost-efficient. The analysis showed that 3D printing, modular and prefabrication were three technologies that could significantly increase housing delivery, while BIM, GIS, VR, OOP, and PPM could efficiently aid in the planning of affordable housing, reducing design conflicts, improving project schedules, and cutting development costs. Smart Sensors, AR, and UAVs could indirectly enhance housing delivery by monitoring construction, ensuring the site is built on schedule and correctly, and monitoring construction worker productivity. However, the study also identified high costs and limited social acceptance as major challenges. To address these issues, the study emphasised the need for the government to promote the adoption and implementation of these technologies through financial incentives and subsidies for companies that adopt them, as well as investment in research and development. The study also stressed the importance of promoting the use of these technologies in high-end housing developments in addition to affordable housing projects. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight the significance of considering innovative technologies in the delivery of affordable housing in South Africa. The findings suggest that the government has a critical role to play in promoting the adoption and implementation of these technologies through financial incentives and investment in research and development, helping to overcome current challenges and making affordable housing a reality for all.