Browsing by Subject "Death"

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    The consequences of AIDS related illness and death on households in the Eastern Cape.
    (2008) Neves, David
    This paper examines the consequences of HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality on rural households in South Africa's Eastern Cape region. The literature suggests a range of both individual and household level factors which serve to differentiate the effects of AIDS illness and death on affected households. Furthermore the effects of HIV/AIDS are not only differentiated, they are also distributed. The social reciprocity undergirding African livelihoods both ameliorates HIV/AIDS-related livelihood shock and simultaneously serves to transmit these shocks to otherwise unaffected households. The six case studies presented demonstrate the highly differentiated consequences of HIV illness and death on households, and the extent to which these effects are significantly mediated by a range of household level factors. The consequences of HIV/AIDS are shaped by household pre-illness asset levels, care and dependency burdens and finally, the extent to which the household members either acknowledge the illness (enabling them to better engage with treatment options) or alternatively, revert to denial. The consequences of HIV/AIDS are also significantly mediated by infected individuals' household headship status and resources. In the rural Eastern Cape, the structural context of unemployment, limited prospects for agrarian production and the exclusion of prime age adults from social grants, serves to pattern vulnerability by rendering unemployed, prime-age adults relatively weak economic agents. The empirical material accordingly suggests the effects of the morbidity and mortality particularly of peripheral (i.e. non household head) and non resource contributing individuals is relatively limited (at least in the short to medium term). Within a structural context of impoverishment and economic disempowerment, HIV/AIDS therefore does not constitute a homogenous or equal shock to all affected households.
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    Guideline for the management of acute asthma in adults: 2013 update
    (2013) Lalloo, U G; Ainslie, G M; Abdool-Gaffar, M S; Awotedu, A A; Feldman, C; Greenblatt, M; IRUSEN, E M; Mash, R; Naidoo, S S; O\'Brien, J; Otto, W; Richards, G A; Wong,, M L
    Acute asthma attacks (asthma exacerbations) are increasing episodes of shortness of breath, cough, wheezing or chest tightness associated with a decrease in airflow that can be quantified and monitored by measurement of lung function (peak expiratory flow (PEF) or forced expiratory volume in the 1st second) and requiring emergency room treatment or admission to hospital for acute asthma and/or systemic glucocorticosteroids for management. The goals of treatment are to relieve hypoxaemia and airflow obstruction as quickly as possible, restore lung function, and provide a suitable plan to avoid relapse. Severe exacerbations are potentially life-threatening and their treatment requires baseline assessment of severity, close monitoring, and frequent reassessment using objective measures of lung function (PEF) and oxygen saturation. Patients at high risk of asthma-related death require particular attention. First-line therapy consists of oxygen supplementation, repeated administration of inhaled short-acting bronchodilators (beta-2-agonists and ipratropium bromide), and early systemic glucocorticosteroids. Intravenous magnesium sulphate and aminophylline are second- and third-line treatment strategies, respectively, for poorly responding patients. Intensive care is indicated for severe asthma that is not responsive to first-line treatment. Antibiotics are only indicated when there are definite features of bacterial infection. Factors that precipitated the acute asthma episode should be identified and preventive measures implemented. Acute asthma is preventable with optimal control of chronic asthma.
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    Health seeking behaviour in northern KwaZulu-Natal
    (CSSR and SALDRU, 2015-05-28) Case, Anne; Menendez, Alicia; Ardington, Cally
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    The impact of illness and death on migration back to the Eastern Cape.
    (2008) Neves, David
    This paper examines the impact of HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality on return migration to the rural Eastern Cape. The paper begins by discussing the interrelation between population mobility and HIV and grounds these dynamics within the structural context of underdevelopment in a former homeland region of South Africa. The changing migratory regimes of the post-apartheid era, which have seen formal male labour migration supplanted by increasingly informal and feminized migratory trajectories, between both rural-urban and intra-rural locales, are described. Five case studies are presented, and the multiplicity of factors associated with rural return migration in the face of HIV/AIDS related illness delineated. The empirical material suggests illness-induced back migration is driven not only by the search for health and succour, but also by complex amalgams of shifting entitlement and obligation. Understanding the dynamics of rural return requires attention not only to the highly variegated position that urban returnees potentially assume within receiving households, but also the effects of their return on these households. Even within the relatively limited number of case studies presented, rural returnees are variously subjects or dispensers of care, either relatively peripheral or crucially central members of receiving households. The evidence simply belies any notion of unidirectional rural return, driven by a universal set of imperatives in response to illness.
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    Orphanhood and schooling in South Africa: Trends in the vulnerability of orphans between 1993 and 2005
    (Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, 2015-05-28) Ardington, Cally
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    The economic consequences of death in South Africa
    (2015-05-28) Ardington, Cally; Barnighausen, Till; Case, Anne; Menendez, Alicia
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    The impact of AIDS on intergenerational support in South Africa: Evidence from the Cape Area Panel Study
    (Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, 2015-05-28) Ardington, Cally; Case, Anne; Islam, Mahnaz; Lam, David; Leibbrandt, Murray; Menendez, Alicia; Olgiati, Anna