Browsing by Subject "Black"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Open Access
    A Capability Approach to Examining the Effects of Actual and Anticipated Fear of Crime: Experiences and Perceptions of Black Female Youth in the Cape Flats
    (2020) Beiser, Sarina; Kubeka, Alvina
    The purpose of this study was to examine how the fear of crime affects the capabilities, perceptions and experiences of black female youth, living in the Cape Flats, Cape Town. Qualitative semi structured interviews were conducted with 18 black female participants between the ages of 18 to 30. This study used Garofalo's model of fear of crime and Amartya Sen's capability approach as theoretical frameworks. With the help of these two frameworks, the researcher sought to gauge what influence the fear of crime can have on people's lives and how crime affects young black females living in communities with high crime rates. It also showed how their life choices and opportunities are influenced by living in unsafe communities. The major challenges and problems highlighted by the participants include: Constant trauma of their daily life (leaving their houses, random shootings, unsafe public transport), mental health issues (losing friends and relatives), lack of proper police service (lack of police presence, incompetence of police, corruption), fear for family or friends, lack of trust and support systems (broken families, loss of trust, no role models, lack of social capital), lack of infrastructure (such as safe hospitals or educational challenges), the effects of gangsterism (gangs and drug wars, effects of drugs, families' or friend's involvement in gangsterism) and the lack of opportunities such as unemployment. This study showed how the peoples' capabilities have been affected by the above-mentioned issues and how the fear of crime affected their daily lives. This study also made recommendations for policy makers and social institutions on what can be done to reduce crime rates and make communities with high crime rates safer
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    Open Access
    Comparison of body fatness measurements by near-infrared reactance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal-weight and obese black and white women
    (2010) Jennings, Courtney L; Micklesfield, Lisa K; Lambert, Mike I; Lambert, Estelle V; Collins, Malcolm; Goedecke, Julia H
    The aim of the present study was to compare body fat percent (BF %) using single-site near-IR reactance (NIR) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a cohort of normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) black (n 102) and white (n 71); and obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) black (n 117) and white (n 41) South African women (18-45 years). NIR-derived BF % was significantly correlated with DXA-derived BF % in all groups: normal-weight black (r 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.40, 0.67, P < 0.001) and white (r 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.53, 0.79, P < 0.001) women; obese black (r 0.59, 95 % CI: 0.46, 0.70, P < 0.001) and white (r 0.56, 95 % CI: 0.30, 0.74, P < 0.001) women. NIR under-predicted BF% compared to DXA in black women (normal-weight, - 4.36 (sd 4.13) % and obese, - 3.41 (sd 3.72) %), while smaller mean differences were observed in white women (normal-weight, - 0.29 (sd 4.19) % and obese, - 0.81 (sd 3.09) %), irrespective of normal-weight or obese status (P < 0.001). In obese subjects, NIR-derived BF % did not measure values greater than approximately 45 %, while the maximum DXA-derived measure was 58 %. In conclusion, although there was a significant relationship between NIR- and DXA-derived BF %, NIR under-predicted BF % in normal-weight and obese black South African women compared to DXA, but to a greater extent in subjects with very high levels of adiposity (>45 %). The results of single-site NIR as a measure of BF % should therefore be interpreted with caution, particularly in women of African descent and in those with very high levels of adiposity.
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    Open Access
    The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: I. Survey description and preliminary data release⋆
    (2017) Shimwell, T W; Röttgering, H J A; Best, P N; Williams, W L; Dijkema, T J; de Gasperin, F; Hardcastle, M J; Heald, G H; Hoang, D N; Horneffer, A; Intema, H; Mahony, E K; Mandal, S; Mechev, A P; Morabito, L; Oonk, J B R; Rafferty, D; Retana-Montenegro, E; Sabater, J; Tasse, C; van Weeren, R J; BrYggen, M; Brunetti, G; Chyży, K T; Conway, J E; Haverkorn, M; Jackson, N; Jarvis, M J; McKean, J P; Miley, G K; Morganti, R; White, G J
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