Browsing by Department "Financial Accounting"

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    Open Access
    Blockchain from farm to fork - a new business model for tracing local South African market food supply chains using blockchain technology
    (2022) Oates, Natasha Lee; Georg, Co-Pierre
    One of the most prominent applications of blockchain technology is in supply chain traceability. This paper focuses on a developed case study involving a business model that makes use of blockchain technology to track the produce supply chain of a local South African farmer's market, the Oranjezicht City Farm Market. The research analyses existing literature surrounding food supply chain management approaches that leverage distributed ledger technologies, as well as the case study business model and collected data concerning the market. From this analysis, a financial model forecasting future cashflows is produced. The food supply chain for the local Cape Town Oranjezicht market is explored to determine if a blockchain-based traceability system is a viable option. Aspects of monetization and business plans are the focus and viable implementation strategies are assessed. The case study is presented using a Business Model Canvas and analysed using a SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces model to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the inherent business model. A financial model forecasting the future cashflows of said business model is constructed to determine the financial viability of the monetization strategy. The case study business model shows the ability to successfully provide value and solve the problems of each of the local farmer's market stakeholders, namely the farmers, the market and the customers. Analysis of the developed financial projections indicates that only the high road scenario produces a breakeven point at month 36 of the projections. This high road scenario is seen as a highly optimistic view for a financial model. Overall, it is determined that a subscription-based business model for a supply chain traceability application will contribute value and solve problems for the main environment stakeholders, but is not considered financially viable in this local, Cape Town context.
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    Open Access
    Hedging volatility: different perspectives compared
    (2020) Ogg, Richard; Ouwehand, Peter
    The accuracy of the Black and Scholes (1973) delta and vega neutral portfolio for a vanilla option was compared to a benchmark set by the Heston (1993) model in a stochastic volatility environment. The Black-Scholes portfolio was implemented using a fixed volatility and by implying volatility from the market. Additionally, a portfolio based on the Dupire (1994) local volatility model was also compared. It was found that a portfolio consisting of two short maturity options with matching maturities was best hedged by the Black-Scholes model when using implied volatility. This result was not maintained when the two options had mismatching maturities as the proportional differences in the vegas no longer cancelled. Further examination was completed on the type of financial instruments used to hedge volatility, comparing portfolios that consisted of an additional option and a variance swap to offset any vega. It was found that both hedged the option well, with similar accuracies.