Browsing by Author "Kalula, Evans"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    "A comparative study of gender-based pay equity implementation: lessons for South Africa"
    (1999) Mworia, Nkirote Kananu; Kalula, Evans
    Discrimination is defined as "the practice of treating one person or group of people less fairly or less well than other people or groups .... " it is the "making or constituting of difference between". Even though it must be admitted that there are marked differences between men and women, discrimination has caused these differences to present women as being inferior to men, not exclusively, but especially in the workplace. This paper will look at some of the reasons why despite the almost universal acceptance of gender equality as a fundamental human right, women remain substantially disadvantaged in the workforce. Special emphasis will be in the context of significant pay disparities between men and women, and women's segregation into low status or marginal forms of work. However, in as much, as a whole paper could be written on the reasons for pay inequity and arguments for and against pay equity, the fact remains that pay inequity is a phenomenon which 21st Century women can no longer live with in the light of their role as wage earners for their families and active participants in their country's economies. As such, the more important study in my opinion, is how countries have sought to integrate pay equity into the fabric of their society. In an October 1997 report, the South African Breakwater Project which monitors employment equity in South Africa bi-annually, stated that: "Income distribution in South Africa ranks among the most unequal in the world". This could largely be attributed to the legacy of apartheid, that left the new South African government with many areas and levels of pay inequity to remedy. This may pose a danger to elimination of gender inequality that may easily be overshadowed by measures being taken to remedy racial inequality. It is my humble contention, that the two must go hand in hand with special emphasis being placed on the fate of the black woman. As a result, the comparative study of pay equity implementation in this paper is geared towards finding lessons to be learnt by South Africa as it embarks, with the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 newly in force, on a systematic elimination of discrimination in labor relations.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    Child labour: an analysis
    (1999) Gikunda, Nancy Karimi; Kalula, Evans
    The exploitation of minors is on the rise and in recent years, there has been an awakening in the world attention to the problem of child labour. International bodies have adopted conventions and declarations on the issue while almost all states have laws, services and other activities intended to restrnin the economic exploitation of children and alleviate its effects. Despite these efforts, there exists a wide gap between laws and practice. This paper focuses on an analytical review of child labour and it exammes the underlying causes of child labour and its consequences for children and the society at large. In developing countries, the vast majority of children continue to contribute to • family economy making child laboul' economically important. Steps must however be taken to alleviate it. Not all work is bad for children.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    The legal implications of economic partnership agreements on regional integration in East and Southern African
    (2010) Musoni, Ronald; Kalula, Evans
    The European Union is currently negotiating new trade agreements in the form of -Economic Partnership Agreements (EP As) with members of its former colonies- the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries. According to the European Commission's directorate general for trade, such agreements contain provisions aimed at progressively removing trade barriers, enhancing cooperation in trade related areas and fostering regional development. However juxtaposed against the endeavors of the regional integration efforts already established, especially in East and Southern Africa, the question one can't help but ask, is whether these EPAs will support the existing efforts at regional integration? This study therefore examined the legal implications of these EP As on the regional integrations efforts already established in the East and Southern African regional economic communities (RECs). This necessitated critical discussion on controversial clauses of the EP As and issues raised during the negotiations of the EP As, such as the reconfiguration of the membership of the various members of the RECs, the definition of parties to the agreement, and the inclusion of non-trade issues in the EPA agreements. The study established that EP As, in their current form, have the potential to hamper regional • integration in the RECs. Such agreements demands for the reconfiguration of membership in the various RECs are not geared at promoting the integration process of these communities into the world economy that is based on their initiatives (RECs'). It would seem, rather, that the EP As are tailored to serve only the interests of the EU. The study therefore concluded by offering solutions that would alleviate the potentially detrimental effects of EP As on the regional integration processes in East and Southern Africa which are geared towards integration into regional economic blocs.