Browsing by Author "Adjiwanou, Vissého"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Environmental health hazards on under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa : analysis using multilevel discrete-time hazard model
    (2014) Engdaw, Alehegn Worku; Adjiwanou, Vissého
    Environmental health hazards are pathogens and chemicals in the environment, which can cause health problems. The importance of such environmental factors in child health and survival are acknowledged in the literature. However, empirical researches on the effect of environmental health hazards on child health and survival are rare in sub- Saharan Africa. This study assesses the effect of household environmental health hazards on under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The study has used DHS data sets of the following 12 countries in the region: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal and Zimbabwe. These countries constitute roughly 26 per cent of the region’s population. The study has employed principal component method to construct an index of the level of household environmental health hazards using the following indicators: water source, type of toilet facility, flooring material, type of wall, type of roof, type of cooking fuel and location of water source. I have used a multilevel discrete-time hazard model to assess the relationship between the environmental index and under-five mortality after controlling for the effects of a number of socioeconomic, biodemographic and community-level characteristics.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    On Marriage Dynamics and Fertility in Malawi: How Does Remarriage Affect Fertility Preferences and Childbearing Behaviour?
    (2018) John, Benson; Adjiwanou, Vissého
    The interplay between remarriage and fertility is among the most poorly documented subjects in sub-Saharan Africa, yet remarriage is one of the fundamental aspects of marriage dynamics in the region. Referring to classical demographic and statistical techniques, this research uses data collected since 1992 from Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys to establish the pattern and level of union dissolution and remarriage, and to assess the influence of remarriage on fertility preference and childbearing. The results reveal increasing stability of unions over time and a declining proportion of remarried women. The probability of experiencing first union dissolution within 15 years dropped from 45.9 to 40.0 per cent between 1992 and 2015, while the comparable likelihood of remarriage decreased from 36.1 to 27.7 per cent over the same interval duration. The effect of remarriage on the desire for more children is positive at advanced interval durations relative to the onset of first marriage. At shorter interval periods, where remarriage is relatively most recent, remarriage inhibits the desire for additional children. For example, in 2015, among women who first married 15-19 years before the survey, the odds of desiring another child were 4 per cent significantly higher among remarried women relative to their counterparts in intact unions. In contrast, for women who were married for 0-5 years, remarried women had 3 per cent lower olds of desiring another child. Furthermore, the childbearing pattern of remarried women is found to be distinct from that of women in intact unions. Remarried women give birth to more children sooner than their counterparts in intact unions, but eventually end up with fewer children. Indeed, the results show that in 2015, women in intact unions had 0.4 more children on average than their remarried counterparts. However, the difference in complete family size is steadily diminishing (difference of 1.5 in 2000), largely due to more marked fertility decline among women in intact unions. This trend, together with the long-term pattern of cumulated fertility differentials at younger reproductive ages, and current fertility disparities over the past two decades, strongly reveals that a new regime, where remarried women will end up with higher complete family size than those in intact unions, is emerging.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Spatial analysis of child mortality in South Africa in relation to poverty and inequality : evidences from the 2011 census
    (2014) Zewdie, Samuel Abera; Adjiwanou, Vissého
    Subnational estimates of child mortality are difficult to produce and are rare in Sub- Saharan Africa. It is the overall aim of this research to derive estimates of child mortality rates for the municipalities and provinces of South Africa using the 2011 census data, and to assess the results in relation to the level of poverty and inequality. The estimation of child mortality rates is achieved through the use of direct synthetic cohort methods with Bayesian spatial smoothing. The Bayesian spatial smoothing process is used to generate municipal level estimates of child mortality rates. The model utilises information from neighbouring municipalities by controlling the effects of women’s education and HIV/AIDS.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    The Effect of Paternal Education on Child Health in South Africa: A Longitudinal Analysis
    (2018) Pillay, Sedeshtra Rajandaran; Adjiwanou, Vissého
    This paper seeks to explore the relationship between the education of fathers and child health in South Africa. A key aspect of this paper is whether or not fathers are present in the household. We believe paternal absence may attenuate the effect that paternal education has on child health. This study uses the first four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) in order to conduct a longitudinal analysis. This dissertation uses random-effects regression to study the effect of paternal education and presence on height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age zscore (WAZ) and perceived health status (PHS) of children aged 0 to 15. The results of this dissertation suggest a significant positive association between paternal secondary and tertiary education and child height-for-age and weight-for-age. Paternal absence is also a significant determinant of these anthropometric outcomes, implying that paternal education may still have a positive effect on child health even if fathers are absent from the household. We find no evidence of a relationship between paternal education and PHS.