Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies

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dc.contributor.authorMeneguzzo, Paolo
dc.contributor.authorTsakiris, Manos
dc.contributor.authorSchioth, Helgi B
dc.contributor.authorStein, Dan J
dc.contributor.authorBrooks, Samantha J
dc.date.accessioned2015-02-13T18:06:37Z
dc.date.available2015-02-13T18:06:37Z
dc.date.issued2014-12-11
dc.date.updated2015-01-15T17:53:35Z
dc.description.abstractBackground: Non-conscious neural activation may underlie various psychological functions in health and disorder. However, the neural substrates of non-conscious processing have not been entirely elucidated. Examining the differential effects of arousing stimuli that are consciously, versus unconsciously perceived will improve our knowledge of neural circuitry involved in non-conscious perception. Here we conduct preliminary analyses of neural activation in studies that have used both subliminal and supraliminal presentation of the same stimulus. Methods: We use Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) to examine functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies that uniquely present the same stimuli subliminally and supraliminally to healthy participants during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We included a total of 193 foci from 9 studies representing subliminal stimulation and 315 foci from 10 studies representing supraliminal stimulation. Results: The anterior cingulate cortex is significantly activated during both subliminal and supraliminal stimulus presentation. Subliminal stimuli are linked to significantly increased activation in the right fusiform gyrus and right insula. Supraliminal stimuli show significantly increased activation in the left rostral anterior cingulate. Conclusions: Non-conscious processing of arousing stimuli may involve primary visual areas and may also recruit the insula, a brain area involved in eventual interoceptive awareness. The anterior cingulate is perhaps a key brain region for the integration of conscious and non-conscious processing. These preliminary data provide candidate brain regions for further study in to the neural correlates of conscious experience.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationMeneguzzo, P., Tsakiris, M., Schioth, H. B., Stein, D. J., & Brooks, S. J. (2014). Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies. <i>BMC Psychology</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12480en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationMeneguzzo, Paolo, Manos Tsakiris, Helgi B Schioth, Dan J Stein, and Samantha J Brooks "Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies." <i>BMC Psychology</i> (2014) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12480en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMeneguzzo, P., Tsakiris, M., Schioth, H. B., Stein, D. J., & Brooks, S. J. (2014). Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies. BMC psychology, 2(1), 52.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2050-7283
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Meneguzzo, Paolo AU - Tsakiris, Manos AU - Schioth, Helgi B AU - Stein, Dan J AU - Brooks, Samantha J AB - Background: Non-conscious neural activation may underlie various psychological functions in health and disorder. However, the neural substrates of non-conscious processing have not been entirely elucidated. Examining the differential effects of arousing stimuli that are consciously, versus unconsciously perceived will improve our knowledge of neural circuitry involved in non-conscious perception. Here we conduct preliminary analyses of neural activation in studies that have used both subliminal and supraliminal presentation of the same stimulus. Methods: We use Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) to examine functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies that uniquely present the same stimuli subliminally and supraliminally to healthy participants during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We included a total of 193 foci from 9 studies representing subliminal stimulation and 315 foci from 10 studies representing supraliminal stimulation. Results: The anterior cingulate cortex is significantly activated during both subliminal and supraliminal stimulus presentation. Subliminal stimuli are linked to significantly increased activation in the right fusiform gyrus and right insula. Supraliminal stimuli show significantly increased activation in the left rostral anterior cingulate. Conclusions: Non-conscious processing of arousing stimuli may involve primary visual areas and may also recruit the insula, a brain area involved in eventual interoceptive awareness. The anterior cingulate is perhaps a key brain region for the integration of conscious and non-conscious processing. These preliminary data provide candidate brain regions for further study in to the neural correlates of conscious experience. DA - 2014-12-11 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/s40359-014-0052-1 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - BMC Psychology LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2014 SM - 2050-7283 T1 - Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies TI - Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12480 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/12480
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-014-0052-1
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationMeneguzzo P, Tsakiris M, Schioth HB, Stein DJ, Brooks SJ. Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies. BMC Psychology. 2014; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12480.en_ZA
dc.languageengen_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Healthen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)*
dc.rights.holderMeneguzzo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_ZA
dc.sourceBMC Psychologyen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpsychol/
dc.subject.otherSubliminalen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSupraliminalen_ZA
dc.subject.otherActivation Likelihood Estimationen_ZA
dc.subject.otherANterior cingulate cortexen_ZA
dc.subject.otherFusiform gyrusen_ZA
dc.subject.otherCingulate cortexen_ZA
dc.subject.otherInsulaen_ZA
dc.titleSubliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI studiesen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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