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Browsing by Author "Zar, Heather"

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Adherence to isoniazid prophylaxis among HIV-infected children: a randomized controlled trial comparing two dosing schedules

Author: le Roux, Stanzi ; Cotton, Mark ; Golub, Jonathan ; le Roux, David ; Workman, Lesley ; Zar, Heather Date: 2009 BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa. Isoniazid prophylaxis can reduce tuberculosis incidence in this population. However, for the treatment to be ... Read more c b
Ambulatory and hospitalized childhood pneumonia: a longitudinal study in a peri-urban low-income community with high vaccination coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: le Roux, David Date: 2022 Background Child pneumonia is a substantial cause of childhood mortality and morbidity; it is the largest single cause of under-5 mortality outside the neonatal period. Incidence of child pneumonia, and pneumonia mortality, have decreased ... Read more
Chronic morbidities in perinatally HIV-acquired adolescents on antiretroviral therapy

Author: Mahtab, Sana Date: 2022 of children perinatally infected with HIV, with an increasing number surviving into adolescence, accompanied by the development of chronic comorbidities. However, there is limited knowledge on the spectrum of comorbidities, determinants, and ... Read more
Clinical indicators of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in South African children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Author: Fatti, Geoffrey Libero Date: 2005 Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality amongst HIV-infected children in Africa. Definitive diagnostic resources for PCP in Africa are limited due to their expense and technical difficulty, however ... Read more
Congenital lung mass in anasymptomatic patient

Author: Zar, Heather ; McIvor, Bruce ; Furlan, Gisella ; Jedeikin, Leon ; Pitcher, Richard Date: 2006 A routine 20-week antenatal ultrasound scan showed a congenital lesion of the left fetal lung, measuring approximately 25 mm x 25 mm x 30 mm. The mass showed no sonographic change through the remainder of an uneventful pregnancy. The baby was ... Read more
Dietary and environmental factors associated with symptoms or diagnosis of asthma in Cape Town school children : findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three study

Author: Mahlati, Unati Date: 2007 The prevalence of current wheeze and asthma in school children in Cape Town has been reported to be increasing. The multi centre International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase 3 (ISAAC 3) offered an opportunity to investigate ... Read more
Early determinants of lung function in African infants

Author: Gray, Diane Margaret Date: 2016 Childhood respiratory disease remains a major contributor of morbidity and mortality globally and both paediatric and adult chronic respiratory illness is increasing in prevalence worldwide. This burden of respiratory disease is heaviest in ... Read more
The efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of pneumonitis following kerosene (paraffin) ingestion in children

Author: Balme, Kate Helene Date: 2013 Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references. Read more
Environmental risk factors for asthma in 13-14 year old African children

Author: Ayuk, Adaeze Chikaodinaka Date: 2018 BACKGROUND: Asthma prevalence in African children is high and increasing, with more severe disease than that in high income countries. Specific factors driving the rising prevalence or disease severity are poorly understood. The aim of this ... Read more
Epidemiology of pertussis in children hospitalised with respiratory tract infection

Author: Muloiwa, Rudzani Date: 2021 The availability of an effective vaccine against Bordetella pertussis substantially reduced the morbidity and mortality from pertussis, however, in the last decade there appears to have been a substantial increase in pertussis cases as reported ... Read more
Evaluation of diagnostic advances in musculoskeletal tuberculosis; the automated xpert MTB/RIF assay

Author: Held, Michael Date: 2016 The aim of this thesis was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert for musculoskeletal TB and for rifampicin resistance against a gold standard of culture or histology. Site of disease, HIV status, and age of patients, and accuracy ... Read more
Evaluation of diagnostic advances in Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis; the automated xpert MTB/RIF assay

Author: Held, Michael Date: 2019 Background Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) is a rapid, automated, onsite nucleic acid amplification test for tuberculosis (TB). It is effective for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB but there is limited evidence for its usefulness in extrapulmonary TB, ... Read more
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Lung Ultrasound Compared to Chest X-rays for Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children

Author: Stadler, Jacob A M Date: 2019 Pneumonia remains a global health priority in children. It is the leading cause of death in children outside the neonatal period, over 90% of which occur in low-resource settings, and a major cause of morbidity, accounting for over 100 million ... Read more
High incidence of antimicrobial resistant organisms including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nasopharyngeal and blood isolates of HIV-infected children from Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Cotton, Mark ; Wasserman, Elizabeth ; Smit, Juanita ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Zar, Heather Date: 2008 BACKGROUND:There is little information on nasopharyngeal (NP) flora or bacteremia in HIV-infected children. Our aim was to describe the organisms and antimicrobial resistance patterns in children enrolled in a prospective study comparing daily ... Read more c b
Human rhinovirus infection in young African children with acute wheezing

Author: Smuts, Heidi ; Workman, Lesley ; Zar, Heather Date: 2011 BACKGROUND:Infections caused by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are important triggers of wheezing in young children. Wheezy illness has increasingly been recognised as an important cause of morbidity in African children, but there is little ... Read more c b
Improved detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens from children with suspected pneumocystis pneumonia using real-time PCR: a prospective study

Author: Samuel, Catherine M ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Corcoran, Craig ; Morrow, Brenda ; Hsiao, Nei-Yuan ; Zampoli, Marco ; Zar, Heather Date: 2011 BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected African children. Microbiologic diagnosis relies predominantly on silver or immunofluorescent staining of a lower respiratory tract ... Read more c b
Incidence of bacteraemia in HIV-infected children in Africa, and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author: Le Roux, David Martin Date: 2010 From November 2002 to December 2006, a placebo-controlled, randomized trial investigated the incidence of tuberculosis and the overall mortality in a cohort of HIV-infected children in Cape Town, South Africa. They were randomized to receive ... Read more
Isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV infected children on antiretroviral therapy living in a high tuberculosis prevalence area a randomized controlled trial

Author: Gray, Diane Margaret Date: 2012 Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are dual epidemics and a public health crisis in Southern Africa. An estimated 2.5 million children are living with HIV, of which 2.3 million live in Sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated 230 000 child deaths from ... Read more
Longitudinal changes in clinical symptoms and signs in children with confirmed, unconfirmed, and unlikely pulmonary tuberculosis

Author: Copelyn, Julie Date: 2021 Background: The paucibacillary nature of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) makes microbiological diagnosis difficult and limits the usefulness of microbiology for assessing treatment efficacy. Clinical response to treatment has thus ... Read more
Lung function in healthy South African adult females

Author: Smith, Emilee Date: 2015 Background: Accurate and appropriate spirometry reference values allow for early detection of respiratory illness and perform an important role in monitoring lung health. There is, in general, a scarcity of data from Africa, and the Global ... Read more

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