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Browsing by Author "Zar, Heather"

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Adherence to isoniazid prophylaxis among HIV-infected children: a randomized controlled trial comparing two dosing schedules

Author: le Roux, Stanzi ; Cotton, Mark ; Golub, Jonathan ; le Roux, David ; Workman, Lesley ; Zar, Heather Date: 2009 BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa. Isoniazid prophylaxis can reduce tuberculosis incidence in this population. However, for the treatment to be ... Read more c b
Clinical indicators of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in South African children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Author: Fatti, Geoffrey Libero Date: 2005 Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality amongst HIV-infected children in Africa. Definitive diagnostic resources for PCP in Africa are limited due to their expense and technical difficulty, however ... Read more
Congenital lung mass in anasymptomatic patient

Author: Zar, Heather ; McIvor, Bruce ; Furlan, Gisella ; Jedeikin, Leon ; Pitcher, Richard Date: 2006 A routine 20-week antenatal ultrasound scan showed a congenital lesion of the left fetal lung, measuring approximately 25 mm x 25 mm x 30 mm. The mass showed no sonographic change through the remainder of an uneventful pregnancy. The baby was ... Read more
Dietary and environmental factors associated with symptoms or diagnosis of asthma in Cape Town school children : findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three study

Author: Mahlati, Unati Date: 2007 The prevalence of current wheeze and asthma in school children in Cape Town has been reported to be increasing. The multi centre International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase 3 (ISAAC 3) offered an opportunity to investigate ... Read more
Early determinants of lung function in African infants

Author: Gray, Diane Margaret Date: 2016 Childhood respiratory disease remains a major contributor of morbidity and mortality globally and both paediatric and adult chronic respiratory illness is increasing in prevalence worldwide. This burden of respiratory disease is heaviest in ... Read more
The efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of pneumonitis following kerosene (paraffin) ingestion in children

Author: Balme, Kate Helene Date: 2013 Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references. Read more
Environmental risk factors for asthma in 13-14 year old African children

Author: Ayuk, Adaeze Chikaodinaka Date: 2018 BACKGROUND: Asthma prevalence in African children is high and increasing, with more severe disease than that in high income countries. Specific factors driving the rising prevalence or disease severity are poorly understood. The aim of this ... Read more
Evaluation of diagnostic advances in musculoskeletal tuberculosis; the automated xpert MTB/RIF assay

Author: Held, Michael Date: 2016 The aim of this thesis was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert for musculoskeletal TB and for rifampicin resistance against a gold standard of culture or histology. Site of disease, HIV status, and age of patients, and accuracy ... Read more
Evaluation of diagnostic advances in Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis; the automated xpert MTB/RIF assay

Author: Held, Michael Date: 2019 Background Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) is a rapid, automated, onsite nucleic acid amplification test for tuberculosis (TB). It is effective for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB but there is limited evidence for its usefulness in extrapulmonary TB, ... Read more
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Lung Ultrasound Compared to Chest X-rays for Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children

Author: Stadler, Jacob A M Date: 2019 Pneumonia remains a global health priority in children. It is the leading cause of death in children outside the neonatal period, over 90% of which occur in low-resource settings, and a major cause of morbidity, accounting for over 100 million ... Read more
High incidence of antimicrobial resistant organisms including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nasopharyngeal and blood isolates of HIV-infected children from Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Cotton, Mark ; Wasserman, Elizabeth ; Smit, Juanita ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Zar, Heather Date: 2008 BACKGROUND:There is little information on nasopharyngeal (NP) flora or bacteremia in HIV-infected children. Our aim was to describe the organisms and antimicrobial resistance patterns in children enrolled in a prospective study comparing daily ... Read more c b
Human rhinovirus infection in young African children with acute wheezing

Author: Smuts, Heidi ; Workman, Lesley ; Zar, Heather Date: 2011 BACKGROUND:Infections caused by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are important triggers of wheezing in young children. Wheezy illness has increasingly been recognised as an important cause of morbidity in African children, but there is little ... Read more c b
Improved detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens from children with suspected pneumocystis pneumonia using real-time PCR: a prospective study

Author: Samuel, Catherine M ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Corcoran, Craig ; Morrow, Brenda ; Hsiao, Nei-Yuan ; Zampoli, Marco ; Zar, Heather Date: 2011 BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected African children. Microbiologic diagnosis relies predominantly on silver or immunofluorescent staining of a lower respiratory tract ... Read more c b
Incidence of bacteraemia in HIV-infected children in Africa, and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author: Le Roux, David Martin Date: 2010 From November 2002 to December 2006, a placebo-controlled, randomized trial investigated the incidence of tuberculosis and the overall mortality in a cohort of HIV-infected children in Cape Town, South Africa. They were randomized to receive ... Read more
Isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV infected children on antiretroviral therapy living in a high tuberculosis prevalence area a randomized controlled trial

Author: Gray, Diane Margaret Date: 2012 Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are dual epidemics and a public health crisis in Southern Africa. An estimated 2.5 million children are living with HIV, of which 2.3 million live in Sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated 230 000 child deaths from ... Read more
Lung function in healthy South African adult females

Author: Smith, Emilee Date: 2015 Background: Accurate and appropriate spirometry reference values allow for early detection of respiratory illness and perform an important role in monitoring lung health. There is, in general, a scarcity of data from Africa, and the Global ... Read more
Lung function in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Githinji, Leah Nyawira Date: 2019 Background: Lung disease is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children and adolescents. As antiretroviral programmes have strengthened and HIV diagnosed earlier, survival of perinatally HIV-infected ... Read more
Multi-state models for the analysis of Wheeze in a birth cohort of Western Cape children

Author: Hannan, Patrick Luke Date: 2019 Introduction Wheezing is common in young children. By the age of six, approximately 50% of children in high-income countries will have experienced at least one episode of wheezing in their life. Furthermore, childhood wheezing may be ... Read more
Outcome of HIV-exposed uninfected children undergoing surgery

Author: Karpelowsky, Jonathan ; Millar, Alastair ; van der Graaf, Nelleke ; van Bogerijen, Guido ; Zar, Heather Date: 2011 BACKGROUND:HIV-exposed uninfected (HIVe) children are a rapidly growing population that may be at an increased risk of illness compared to HIV-unexposed children (HIVn). The aim of this study was to investigate the morbidity and mortality of ... Read more c b
Peripheral neuropathies of childhood

Author: Wilmshurst, Jo Date: 2009 Peripheral nerve disease was described by Galen (AD 130-200) over a thousand years ago.(3) Detailed anatomical illustrations were documented by Andreas Vesalius in his major work 'De humani corporis fabrica' in 1543.(4) Over the last two ... Read more

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