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Browsing by Author "Lawn, Stephen"

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CD4 cell count recovery among HIV-infected patients with very advanced immunodeficiency commencing antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Lawn, Stephen ; Myer, Landon ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Wood, Robin Date: 2006 BACKGROUND:Patients accessing antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa frequently have very advanced immunodeficiency. Previous data suggest that such patients may have diminished capacity for CD4 cell count recovery. ... Read more c b
Delays in starting antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis accessing non-integrated clinical services in a South African township

Author: Lawn, Stephen ; Campbell, Lucy ; Kaplan, Richard ; Little, Francesca ; Morrow, Carl ; Wood, Robin ; IeDEA-Southern Africa Date: 2011 BACKGROUND: Delays in the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) are associated with increased mortality risk. We examined the timing of ART among patients receiving care provided by ... Read more c b
Determine TB-LAM lateral flow urine antigen assay for HIV-associated tuberculosis: recommendations on the design and reporting of clinical studies

Author: Lawn, Stephen ; Dheda, Keertan ; Kerkhoff, Andrew ; Peter, Jonathan ; Dorman, Susan ; Boehme, Catharina ; Nicol, Mark Date: 2013 Detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall antigen lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine permits diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) to be made in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency. This can be achieved at the point-of-care ... Read more c b
Diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis when testing non-respiratory samples: a systematic review

Author: Maynard-Smith, Laura ; Larke, Natasha ; Peters, Jurgens ; Lawn, Stephen Date: 2014 BACKGROUND:Although the evidence base regarding the use of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) when testing respiratory samples is well established, the evidence base for its diagnostic accuracy for extrapulmonary ... Read more c b
HIV-associated tuberculosis: relationship between disease severity and the sensitivity of new sputum-based and urine-based diagnostic assays

Author: Lawn, Stephen ; Kerkhoff, Andrew ; Vogt, Monica ; Wood, Robin Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Reducing mortality from HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) requires diagnostic tools that are rapid and have high sensitivity among patients with poor prognosis. We determined the relationship between disease severity and the ... Read more c b
Identification of losses to follow-up in a community-based antiretroviral therapy clinic in South Africa using a computerized pharmacy tracking system

Author: Nglazi, Mweete ; Kaplan, Richard ; Wood, Robin ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Lawn, Stephen Date: 2010 BACKGROUND:High rates of loss to follow-up (LTFU) are undermining rapidly expanding antiretroviral treatment (ART) services in sub-Saharan Africa. The intelligent dispensing of ART (iDART) is an open-source electronic pharmacy system that ... Read more c b
Lipoarabinomannan in urine during tuberculosis treatment: association with host and pathogen factors and mycobacteriuria

Author: Wood, Robin ; Racow, Kimberly ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Middelkoop, Keren ; Vogt, Monica ; Kreiswirth, Barry ; Lawn, Stephen Date: 2012 BACKGROUND:Detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell wall antigen, is a potentially attractive diagnostic. However, the LAM-ELISA assay has demonstrated variable sensitivity in diagnosing TB in diverse ... Read more c b
Management of HIV-associated tuberculosis in resource-limited settings: a state-of-the-art review

Author: Lawn, Stephen ; Meintjes, Graeme ; McIlleron, Helen ; Harries, Anthony ; Wood, Robin Date: 2013 The HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) epidemic remains a huge challenge to public health in resource-limited settings. Reducing the nearly 0.5 million deaths that result each year has been identified as a key priority. Major progress has been ... Read more c b
Plasma levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and early mortality risk among patients enrolling for antiretroviral treatment in South Africa

Author: Lawn, Stephen ; Myer, Landon ; Bangani, Nonzwakazi ; Vogt, Monica ; Wood, Robin Date: 2007 Background: Serum concentrations of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) have a strong independent association with HIV-1-related mortality. The practical utility of plasma suPAR in assessing short-term all-cause ... Read more c b
Point-of-care detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine for diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: a state of the art review

Author: Lawn, Stephen Date: 2012 Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in urine is attractive as a potential means of diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) regardless of the anatomical site of disease. The most promising candidate antigen is the cell wall lipopolysaccharide ... Read more c b
The predictive value of current haemoglobin levels for incident tuberculosis and/or mortality during long-term antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a cohort study

Author: Kerkhoff, Andrew ; Wood, Robin ; Cobelens, Frank ; Gupta-Wright, Ankur ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Lawn, Stephen Date: 2015 BACKGROUND: Low haemoglobin concentrations may be predictive of incident tuberculosis (TB) and death in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), but data are limited and inconsistent. We examined these relationships ... Read more c b
Prevalence of HIV-associated ophthalmic disease among patients enrolling for antiretroviral treatment in India: A cross-sectional study

Author: Pathai, Sophia ; Deshpande, Alaka ; Gilbert, Clare ; Lawn, Stephen Date: 2009 BACKGROUND: The ocular manifestations of HIV may lead to visual impairment or blindness. In India, patients typically initiate antiretroviral treatment (ART) with low CD4 cell counts when the risk of ocular complications may be high. The ... Read more c b
The proportions of people living with HIV in low and middle-income countries who test tuberculin skin test positive using either a 5mm or a 10mm cut-off: a systematic review

Author: Kerkhoff, Andrew ; Gupta, Ankur ; Samandari, Taraz ; Lawn, Stephen Date: 2013 BACKGROUND:A positive tuberculin skin test (TST) is often defined by skin induration of [greater than or equal to]10mm in people who are HIV-seronegative. However, to increase sensitivity for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection ... Read more c b
Resolution of anaemia in a cohort of HIV-infected patients with a high prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis receiving antiretroviral therapy in South Africa

Author: Kerkhoff, Andrew ; Wood, Robin ; Cobelens, Frank ; Gupta-Wright, Ankur ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Lawn, Stephen Date: 2014 BACKGROUND: Anaemia is frequently associated with both HIV-infection and HIV-related tuberculosis (TB) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients in sub-Saharan Africa and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. However, the effect ... Read more c b
Treatment outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents attending a community-based antiretroviral therapy clinic in South Africa

Author: Nglazi, Mweete ; Kranzer, Katharina ; Holele, Pearl ; Kaplan, Richard ; Mark, Daniella ; Jaspan, Heather ; Lawn, Stephen ; Wood, Robin ; Bekker, Linda-Gail Date: 2012 BACKGROUND: Very few data are available on treatment outcomes of adolescents living with HIV infection (whether perinatally acquired or sexually acquired) in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study therefore compared the treatment outcomes in ... Read more c b
Utility of interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay responses in highly tuberculosis-exposed patients with advanced HIV infection in South Africa

Author: Lawn, Stephen ; Bangani, Nonzwakazi ; Vogt, Monica ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Badri, Motasim ; Ntobongwana, Marjorie ; Dockrell, Hazel ; Wilkinson, Robert ; Wood, Robin Date: 2007 BACKGROUND:Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) ELISPOT assays incorporating Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens are useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) or latent infection. However, their utility in patients with advanced HIV is ... Read more c b
Video Q&A: Rapid urine LAM test for HIV-associated TB - potential to reduce deaths? An interview with Stephen Lawn

Author: Lawn, Stephen Date: 2013 In this video Q&A, we talk to Dr Stephen Lawn about the point-of-care LAM test for HIV-associated TB, which has the potential to save lives by improving rapid diagnosis and treatment. Read more c b

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Browsing by Author "Lawn, Stephen"

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