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Browsing by Author "Williamson, Carolyn"

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Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype c proteins during early infection and their effect on disease progression

Author: Treurnicht, Florette Kathleen Date: 2010 Read more
Anaemia in acute HIV-1 subtype C infection

Author: Mlisana, Koleka ; Auld, Sara C ; Grobler, Anneke ; Loggerenberg, Francois van ; Williamson, Carolyn ; Iriogbe, Itua ; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E ; Karim, Salim S Abdool ; Team, for the CAPRISA Acute Infection Study Date: 2008 BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of anaemia and the increased morbidity and mortality associated with anaemia during AIDS has been well described yet there has been little information about anaemia and changes in haemoglobin levels during acute ... Read more c b
Case report: mechanisms of HIV elite control in two African women

Author: Moosa, Yumna ; Tanko, Ramla F ; Ramsuran, Veron ; Singh, Ravesh ; Madzivhandila, Mashudu ; Yende-Zuma, Nonhlanhla ; Abrahams, Melissa-Rose ; Selhorst, Philippe ; Gounder, Kamini ; Moore, Penny L ; Williamson, Carolyn ; Abdool Karim, Salim S ; Garrett, Nigel J ; Burgers, Wendy A Date: 25 Jan 2018 Background: The majority of people living with HIV require antiretroviral therapy (ART) for controlling viral replication, however there are rare HIV controllers who spontaneously and durably control HIV in the absence of treatment. Understanding ... Read more c b
Challenges of diagnosing acute HIV-1 subtype C infection in African women: performance of a clinical algorithm and the need for point-of-care nucleic-acid based testing

Author: Mlisana, Koleka ; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena ; Werner, Lise ; Feinstein, Addi ; van Loggerenberg, Francois ; Naicker, Nivashnee ; Williamson, Carolyn ; Garrett, Nigel Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Prompt diagnosis of acute HIV infection (AHI) benefits the individual and provides opportunities for public health intervention. The aim of this study was to describe most common signs and symptoms of AHI, correlate these with ... Read more c b
Characterisation of functional properties of Envelopes of highly neutralisation resistant HIV-1 isolates

Author: Guled, Fatuma Hassan Date: 2018 An effective antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine would ideally elicit potent antibodies capable of neutralising a wide range of HIV-1 isolates to better cover the human population. A primary concern is the virus’ ability to rapidly escape an antibody ... Read more
Characterisation of HIV superinfection : genetic evolution and adaptive immune responses

Author: Harvey, Hayley Janet Date: 2011 In this thesis we aimed to determine the timing and frequency of intra-subtype C superinfection, and to determine if the reason for superinfection was a greater genetic distance within epitopes of the superinfecting virus compared to those ... Read more
Characterisation of HIV-1 Envelope features of breakthrough infections from the CAPRISA 004 Microbicide Trial

Author: Ismail, Sherazaan Dineo Date: 2016 The CAPRISA 004 trial demonstrated the safety and a 39% efficacy of a 1% tenofovir (TFV) gel for the prevention of HIV-1 acquisition in young African women. It was subsequently shown that women assigned to the TFV arm who became infected had ... Read more
Characterisation of two aphid picorna-like viruses

Author: Williamson, Carolyn Date: 1988 A new aphid virus, aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV), was isolated from laboratory-propagated Rhopalosiphum padi aphids co-infected with R. padi virus (RhPV). ALPV and RhPV were separated and ALPV was characterised in detail. Virions are ... Read more
Characterization of genotypic and phenotypic properties of transmitted Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants circulating in Mbeya Tanzania

Author: Nofemela, Andile Date: 2013 Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references. Read more
Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic

Author: Tongo, Marcel ; Martin, Darren ; Zembe, Lycias ; Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel ; Williamson, Carolyn ; Burgers, Wendy Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Cameroon, in west central Africa, has an extraordinary degree of HIV diversity, presenting a major challenge for the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Given the continuing need to closely monitor the emergence of new HIV ... Read more c b
Characterizing the cellular latent reservoir of HIV-1 and the effect of immune activation on characteristics of the reservoir

Author: Ismail, Sherazaan Dineo Date: 2022 Since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the resultant suppression of viraemia in the majority of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) on ART, HIV-1 infection has become manageable and PLWH have similar life expectancies as uninfected ... Read more
Conserved positive selection signals in gp41 across multiple subtypes and difference in selection signals detectable in gp41 sequences sampled during acute and chronic HIV-1 subtype C infection

Author: Bandawe, Gama P ; Martin, Darren P ; Treurnicht, Florette ; Mlisana, Koleka ; Karim, Salim S A ; Williamson, Carolyn Date: 24 Nov 2008 Background: The high diversity of HIV variants driving the global AIDS epidemic has caused many to doubt whether an effective vaccine against the virus is possible. However, by identifying the selective forces that are driving the ongoing ... Read more
Conserved positive selection signals in gp41 across multiple subtypes and difference in selection signals detectable in gp41 sequences sampled during acute and chronic HIV-1 subtype C infection

Author: Bandawe, Gama ; Martin, Darren ; Treurnicht, Florette ; Mlisana, Koleka ; Karim, Salim ; Williamson, Carolyn Date: 2008 BACKGROUND:The high diversity of HIV variants driving the global AIDS epidemic has caused many to doubt whether an effective vaccine against the virus is possible. However, by identifying the selective forces that are driving the ongoing ... Read more c b
Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads

Author: Kariuki, Samuel M ; Selhorst, Philippe ; Norman, Jennifer ; Cohen, Karen ; Rebe, Kevin ; Williamson, Carolyn ; Dorfman, Jeffrey R Date: 05 Mar 2020 Abstract Background Several reports indicate that a portion (5–10%) of men living with HIV-1 intermittently shed HIV-1 RNA into seminal plasma while on long term effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is highly suggestive of an HIV-1 ... Read more
Establishing a cohort at high risk of HIV infection in South Africa: challenges and experiences of the CAPRISA 002 acute infection study

Author: van Loggerenberg, Francois ; Mlisana, Koleka ; Williamson, Carolyn ; Auld, Sara C ; Morris, Lynn ; Gray, Clive M ; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool ; Grobler, Anneke ; Barnabas, Nomampondo ; Iriogbe, Itua Date: 2008 Objectives To describe the baseline demographic data, clinical characteristics and HIV-incidence rates of a cohort at high risk for HIV infection in South Africa as well as the challenges experienced in establishing and maintaining the cohort. ... Read more c b
Features of recently transmitted HIV-1 clade C viruses that impact antibody recognition: implications for active and passive immunization

Author: Rademeyer, Cecilia ; Korber, Bette ; Seaman, Michael S ; Giorgi, Elena E ; Thebus, Ruwayhida ; Robles, Alexander ; Sheward, Daniel J ; Wagh, Kshitij ; Garrity, Jetta ; Carey, Brittany R ; Gao, Hongmei ; Greene, Kelli M ; Tang, Haili ; Bandawe, Gama P ; Marais, Jinny C ; Diphoko, Thabo E ; Hraber, Peter ; Tumba, Nancy ; Moore, Penny L ; Gray, Glenda E ; Kublin, James ; McElrath, M Juliana ; Vermeulen, Marion ; Middelkoop, Keren ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Hoelscher, Michael ; Maboko, Leonard ; Makhema, Joseph ; Robb, Merlin L ; Karim, Salim Abdool ; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool ; Kim, Jerome H ; Hahn, Beatrice H ; Gao, Feng ; Swanstrom, Ronald ; Morris, Lynn ; Montefiori, David C ; Williamson, Carolyn Date: 2016 Author Summary: Vaccine and passive immunization prophylactic trials that rely on antibody-mediated protection are planned for HIV-1 clade C epidemic regions of southern Africa, which have amongst the highest HIV-1 incidences globally. This ... Read more c b
HIV-1 strain-specific neutralizing antibody responses and the dynamics of viral evolution

Author: Majara, Lerato Charlotte Date: 2016 It is widely held that for an HIV-1 vaccine to provide sterilizing immunity, it would need to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, factors underlying the development of these antibodies are not clear. There is evidence to ... Read more
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 distribution in South Africa and the relevance of genetic diversity on vaccine design

Author: Van Harmelen, Joanne Heidi Date: 1999 The overall aim of this project was to investigate HIV-1 genetic diversity in South Afri ca and to characterise the immune response in mice to a South African subtype C gp120. To investigate the relationship between subtype and mode of ... Read more
Human Immunodeficiency Virus? One of nature's greatest evolutionary machines

Author: Martin, Darren ; Williamson, Carolyn Date: 2004 Transmission of an HIV-like virus from chimpanzees to humans approximately 80 years ago triggered the worldwide AIDS pandemic. Possessing very high mutation and recombination rates, the descendants of this ancestral virus have evolved greatly. ... Read more
Impact of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations in acute/Early HIV-1 Subtype C Infection on Disease Progression

Author: Chopera, Denis Rutendo Date: 2009 Most HIV vaccines currently in development aim to protect people from infection or disease by eliciting strong anti-HIV cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Evolved evasion mutations that undermine host immune responses pose a major challenge ... Read more

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