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Browsing by Author "Whitelaw, Andrew"

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Antibiotic stewardship ward rounds and a dedicated prescription chart reduce antibiotic consumption and pharmacy costs without affecting inpatient mortality or re-admission rates

Author: Boyles, Tom H ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Bamford, Colleen ; Moodley, Mischka ; Bonorchis, Kim ; Morris, Vida ; Rawoot, Naazneen ; Naicker, Vanishree ; Lusakiewicz, Irena ; Black, John Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Antibiotic consumption is a major driver of bacterial resistance. To address the increasing burden of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections, antibiotic stewardship programmes are promoted worldwide to rationalize antibiotic ... Read more c b
Bacterial disease and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in HIV-infected, hospitalized children: a retrospective cohort study

Author: Jaspan, Heather B ; Huang, Lyen C ; Cotton, Mark F ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Myer, Landon Date: 2008 BACKGROUND: Serious bacterial infections are a major source of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected children. The spectrum of disease is wide, and responsible organisms vary according to setting. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis and the ... Read more c b
Comparison of quantitative techniques including Xpert MTB/RIF to evaluate mycobacterial burden

Author: van Zyl-Smit, Richard N ; Binder, Anke ; Meldau, Richard ; Mishra, Hridesh ; Semple, Patricia L ; Theron, Grant ; Peter, Jonathan ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Sharma, Suren K ; Warren, Robin ; Bateman, Eric D ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 2011 Introduction: Accurate quantification of mycobacterial load is important for the evaluation of patient infectiousness, disease severity and monitoring treatment response in human and in-vitro laboratory models of disease. We hypothesized that ... Read more c b
Culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis in Cape Town, South Africa: a review of 596 cases

Author: Schaaf, H Simon ; Marais, Ben ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Hesseling, Anneke ; Eley, Brian ; Hussey, Gregory ; Donald, Peter Date: 2007 BACKGROUND:The clinical, radiological and microbiological features of culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis diagnosed at two referral hospitals are described. METHODS: Cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from children less than 13 years ... Read more c b
Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia at a tertiary children's hospital in Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Naidoo, Reené ; Nuttall, James ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Eley, Brian Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in paediatric patients with bloodstream infections. The epidemiology of S. aureus bacteraemia, however, has not been well documented in children in South Africa. METHODS: A retrospective ... Read more c b
Genetic basis of rifampicin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus suggests clonal expansion in hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Jansen van Rensburg, Melissa ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Elisha, Brenda Date: 2012 BACKGROUND: Since 2001, several studies have reported high rifampicin resistance rates (45 - 100%) among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from South Africa. The authors previously characterised 100 MRSA isolates ... Read more c b
High incidence of antimicrobial resistant organisms including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nasopharyngeal and blood isolates of HIV-infected children from Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Cotton, Mark ; Wasserman, Elizabeth ; Smit, Juanita ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Zar, Heather Date: 2008 BACKGROUND:There is little information on nasopharyngeal (NP) flora or bacteremia in HIV-infected children. Our aim was to describe the organisms and antimicrobial resistance patterns in children enrolled in a prospective study comparing daily ... Read more c b
ICU-Associated Acinetobacter baumannii Colonisation/Infection in a High HIV-Prevalence Resource-Poor Setting

Author: Ntusi, Ntobeko B A ; Badri, Motasim ; Khalfey, Hoosain ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Oliver, Stephen ; Piercy, Jenna ; Raine, Richard ; Joubert, Ivan ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 2012 BACKGROUND: There are hardly any data about the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of ICU-associated A.baumannii colonisation/infection in HIV-infected and uninfected persons from resource-poor settings like Africa. METHODS: We reviewed the ... Read more c b
Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF for TB diagnosis in a primary care clinic with high TB and HIV prevalence in South Africa: a pragmatic randomised trial

Author: Cox, Helen S ; Mbhele, Slindile ; Mohess, Neisha ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Muller, Odelia ; Zemanay, Widaad ; Little, Francesca ; Azevedo, Virginia ; Simpson, John ; Boehme, Catharina C ; Nicol, Mark P Date: 2014 Background: Xpert MTB/RIF is approved for use in tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin-resistance diagnosis. However, data are limited on the impact of Xpert under routine conditions in settings with high TB burden. Methods and Findings: A pragmatic ... Read more c b
Improved detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens from children with suspected pneumocystis pneumonia using real-time PCR: a prospective study

Author: Samuel, Catherine M ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Corcoran, Craig ; Morrow, Brenda ; Hsiao, Nei-Yuan ; Zampoli, Marco ; Zar, Heather Date: 2011 BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected African children. Microbiologic diagnosis relies predominantly on silver or immunofluorescent staining of a lower respiratory tract ... Read more c b
Isolation of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Children Investigated for Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Author: Hatherill, Mark ; Hawkridge, Tony ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Tameris, Michele ; Mahomed, Hassan ; Moyo, Sizulu ; Hanekom, Willem ; Hussey, Gregory Date: 2006 Objective To evaluate the frequency and clinical significance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates among children investigated for pulmonary tuberculosis in a rural South African community. METHODS: Children were investigated for ... Read more c b
Leaving the party - withdrawal of South African essential medicines

Author: Wilmshurst, Jo M ; Blockman, Marc ; Argent, Andrew ; Gordon-Graham, Eugenie ; Thomas, Jenny ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; McCulloch, Mignon ; Ramiah, Malitha ; Dyeshana, H ; Ireland, Joe Date: 2005 In August 2004 pharmacies and drug depots were advised that the sole supplier of parenteral phenobarbitone in South Africa, essential for the management of status epilepticus in children, was stopping production at the end of the same ... Read more
The molecular diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in children using nasopharyngeal aspirate samples

Author: Samuel, Catherine Mary Date: 2011 Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an important opportunistic infection caused by thefungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. The incidence of PCP in sub-Saharan Africa is on theincrease. This is due to the progression of the HIV-pandemic and limited ... Read more
Pneumocystis pneumonia in South African children diagnosed by molecular methods

Author: Morrow, Brenda M ; Samuel, Catherine M ; Zampoli, Marco ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Zar, Heather J Date: 10 Jan 2014 Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected children. However, the incidence of PCP has been underestimated due to poor sensitivity of diagnostic tests. The use of polymerase ... Read more c b
Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay in high burden countries: a cost-effectiveness analysis

Author: Vassall, Anna ; van Kampen, Sanne ; Sohn, Hojoon ; Michael, Joy S ; John, K R ; den Boon, Saskia ; Davis, J Lucian ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Nicol, Mark P ; Gler, Maria Tarcela ; Khaliqov, Anar ; Zamudio, Carlos ; Perkins, Mark D ; Boehme, Catharina C ; Cobelens, Frank Date: 2011 Background: Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) is a promising new rapid diagnostic technology for tuberculosis (TB) that has characteristics that suggest large-scale roll-out. However, because the test is expensive, there are concerns among TB program ... Read more c b
Screening for HIV-associated tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance before antiretroviral therapy using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay: a prospective study

Author: Lawn, Stephen D ; Brooks, Sophie V ; Kranzer, Katharina ; Nicol, Mark P ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Vogt, Monica ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Wood, Robin Date: 2011 Background: The World Health Organization has endorsed the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for investigation of patients suspected of having tuberculosis (TB). However, its utility for routine TB screening and detection of rifampicin resistance among ... Read more c b

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Browsing by Author "Whitelaw, Andrew"

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