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Browsing by Author "Dheda, Keertan"

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A landscape of genomic alterations at the root of a near-untreatable tuberculosis epidemic

Author: Klopper, Marisa ; Heupink, Tim H ; Hill-Cawthorne, Grant ; Streicher, Elizabeth M ; Dippenaar, Anzaan ; de Vos, Margaretha ; Abdallah, Abdallah M ; Limberis, Jason ; Merker, Matthias ; Burns, Scott ; Niemann, Stefan ; Dheda, Keertan ; Posey, James ; Pain, Arnab ; Warren, Robin M Date: 21 Feb 2020 Abstract Background Atypical Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains are widespread in South Africa and have acquired resistance to up to 13 drugs on multiple occasions. It is puzzling that these strains have retained fitness and ... Read more
A landscape of genomic alterations at the root of a near-untreatable tuberculosis epidemic

Author: Klopper, Marisa ; Heupink, Tim H ; Hill-Cawthorne, Grant ; Streicher, Elizabeth M ; Dippenaar, Anzaan ; de Vos, Margaretha ; Abdallah, Abdallah M ; Limberis, Jason ; Merker, Matthias ; Burns, Scott ; Niemann, Stefan ; Dheda, Keertan ; Posey, James ; Pain, Arnab ; Warren, Robin M Date: 04 Feb 2020 Abstract Background Atypical Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains are widespread in South Africa and have acquired resistance to up to 13 drugs on multiple occasions. It is ... Read more
Approaches to the diagnosis of smear-negative and sputum-scarce TB in South Africa

Author: Peter, Jonathan G Date: 2013 In South Africa, an HIV-endemic setting, the burden of smear-negative (SN) and sputum-scarce (SS) TB is a major public health catastrophe. Diagnostic delay or failure is a key bottleneck. We hypothesised that i) assisted sputum smpling using ... Read more
Can point-of-care urine LAM strip testing for tuberculosis add value to clinical decision making in hospitalised HIV-infected persons

Author: Peter, Jonathan G ; Theron, Grant ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: The urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) strip-test (Determine®-TB) can rapidly rule-in TB in HIV-infected persons with advanced immunosuppression. However, given high rates of empiric treatment amongst hospitalised patients in high-burden ... Read more c b
Cigarette smoke and human pulmonary immune responses to mycobacteria

Author: Van Zyl-Smit, Richard Nellis Date: 2011 Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that up to 15% of worldwide tuberculosis (TB) cases may be attributable to tobacco smoking. The aim of the studies reported here was to gain insights into the effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on ... Read more
Clinical diagnostic utility of IP-10 and LAM antigen levels for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusions in a high burden setting

Author: Dheda, Keertan ; Van-Zyl Smit, Richard N ; Sechi, Leonardo A ; Badri, Motasim ; Meldau, Richard ; Symons, Gregory ; Khalfey, Hoosein ; Carr, Igshaan ; Maredza, Alice ; Dawson, Rodney Date: 2009 BACKGROUND: Current tools for the diagnosis of tuberculosis pleural effusions are sub-optimal. Data about the value of new diagnostic technologies are limited, particularly, in high burden settings. Preliminary case control studies have ... Read more c b
Clinical utility of a commercial LAM-ELISA assay for TB diagnosis in HIV-infected patients using urine and sputum samples

Author: Dheda, Keertan ; Davids, Virginia ; Lenders, Laura ; Roberts, Teri ; Meldau, Richard ; Ling, Daphne ; Brunet, Laurence ; Smit, Richard van Zyl ; Peter, Jonathan ; Green, Clare ; Badri, Motasim ; Sechi, Leonardo ; Sharma, Surendra ; Hoelscher, Michael ; Dawson, Rodney Date: 2010 BACKGROUND: The accurate diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected patients, particularly with advanced immunosuppression, is difficult. Recent studies indicate that a lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assay (Clearview-TB®-ELISA) may have some utility for the ... Read more c b
Comparison of a clinical prediction rule and a LAM antigen-detection assay for the rapid diagnosis of TBM in a high HIV prevalence setting

Author: Patel, Vinod B ; Singh, Ravesh ; Connolly, Cathy ; Kasprowicz, Victoria ; Zumla, Allimudin ; Ndungu, Thumbi ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 2010 Background/Objective: The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in resource poor TB endemic environments is challenging. The accuracy of current tools for the rapid diagnosis of TBM is suboptimal. We sought to develop a clinical-prediction ... Read more c b
Comparison of quantitative techniques including Xpert MTB/RIF to evaluate mycobacterial burden

Author: van Zyl-Smit, Richard N ; Binder, Anke ; Meldau, Richard ; Mishra, Hridesh ; Semple, Patricia L ; Theron, Grant ; Peter, Jonathan ; Whitelaw, Andrew ; Sharma, Suren K ; Warren, Robin ; Bateman, Eric D ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 2011 Introduction: Accurate quantification of mycobacterial load is important for the evaluation of patient infectiousness, disease severity and monitoring treatment response in human and in-vitro laboratory models of disease. We hypothesized that ... Read more c b
Comparison of same day diagnostic tools including Gene Xpert and unstimulated IFN-γ for the evaluation of pleural tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study

Author: Meldau, Richard ; Peter, Jonny ; Theron, Grant ; Calligaro, Greg ; Allwood, Brian ; Symons, Greg ; Khalfey, Hoosain ; Ntombenhle, Gina ; Govender, Ureshnie ; Binder, Anke ; van Zyl-Smit, Richard ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 08 Apr 2014 Background: The accuracy of currently available same-day diagnostic tools (smear microscopy and conventional nucleic acid amplification tests) for pleural tuberculosis (TB) is sub-optimal. Newer technologies may offer improved detection. ... Read more c b
Correlation of mycobacterium tuberculosis specific and non-specific quantitative Th1 T-cell responses with bacillary load in a high burden setting

Author: Theron, Grant ; Peter, Jonny ; Lenders, Laura ; van Zyl-Smit, Richard ; Meldau, Richard ; Govender, Ureshnie ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 2012 BACKGROUND: Measures of bacillary load in patients with tuberculosis (TB) may be useful for predicting and monitoring response to treatment. The relationship between quantitative T-cell responses and mycobacterial load remains unclear. We ... Read more c b
Determine TB-LAM lateral flow urine antigen assay for HIV-associated tuberculosis: recommendations on the design and reporting of clinical studies

Author: Lawn, Stephen ; Dheda, Keertan ; Kerkhoff, Andrew ; Peter, Jonathan ; Dorman, Susan ; Boehme, Catharina ; Nicol, Mark Date: 2013 Detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall antigen lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine permits diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) to be made in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency. This can be achieved at the point-of-care ... Read more c b
Development of a simple reliable radiographic scoring system to aid the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Author: Pinto, Lancelot M ; Dheda, Keertan ; Theron, Grant ; Allwood, Brian ; Calligaro, Gregory ; van Zyl-Smit, Richard ; Peter, Jonathan ; Schwartzman, Kevin ; Menzies, Dick ; Bateman, Eric ; Pai, Madhukar ; Dawson, Rodney Date: 2013 Rationale: Chest radiography is sometimes the only method available for investigating patients with possible pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with negative sputum smears. However, interpretation of chest radiographs in this context lacks specificity ... Read more c b
Development of an Autologous Human Dendritic Cell Vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Author: Londt, Rolanda Sabrina Date: 2022 Introduction: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), and resistance beyond XDR-TB (often untreatable), is an increasing public health concern globally. Drug resistance has outpaced the drug development pipeline. Therefore, alternative ... Read more
The development of aptamer-based probes for the detection of TB antigens ESAT-6.CFP-10 potential TB diagnostic tools

Author: Maserumule, Matsopiane Charlotte Date: 2013 Lack of point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tools for TB hinders control of the disease, particularly in resource-limited, high HIV and TB prevalence countries. Therefore, there is a need for simple, rapid, accurate, and affordable PoC diagnostics ... Read more
Diagnosing tuberculosis in hospitalized HIV-infected individuals who cannot produce sputum: is urine lipoarabinomannan testing the answer?

Author: Sabur, Natasha F ; Esmail, Aliasgar ; Brar, Mantaj S ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 28 Dec 2017 Background: Up to one third of HIV-infected individuals with suspected TB are sputum-scarce. The Alere Determine™ TB LAM Ag lateral flow strip test can be used to diagnose TB in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression. However, ... Read more c b
Diagnostic accuracy of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay in small hair samples for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis drug concentrations in a routine care setting

Author: Metcalfe, John ; Bacchetti, Peter ; Esmail, Ali ; Reckers, Andrew ; Aguilar, David ; Wen, Anita ; Huo, Shu ; Muyindike, Winnie R ; Hahn, Judith A ; Dheda, Keertan ; Gandhi, Monica ; Gerona, Roy Date: 22 Jan 2021 Background Treatment monitoring of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in resource-limited settings is challenging. We developed a multi-analyte assay for eleven anti-TB drugs in small hair samples as an objective metric of ... Read more c b
Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative PCR (Xpert MTB/RIF) for tuberculous meningitis in a high burden setting: a prospective study

Author: Patel, Vinod B ; Theron, Grant ; Lenders, Laura ; Matinyena, Brian ; Connolly, Cathy ; Singh, Ravesh ; Coovadia, Yacoob ; Ndung'u, Thumbi ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 2013 Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult to diagnose promptly. The utility of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for the diagnosis of TBM remains unclear, and the effect of host- and sample-related factors on test performance is unknown. ... Read more c b
Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative PCR (Xpert MTB/RIF) for tuberculous pericarditis compared to adenosine deaminase and unstimulated interferon-γ in a high burden setting: a prospective study

Author: Pandie, Shaheen ; Peter, Jonathan G ; Kerbelker, Zita S ; Meldau, Richard ; Theron, Grant ; Govender, Ureshnie ; Ntsekhe, Mpiko ; Dheda, Keertan ; Mayosi, Bongani M Date: 18 Jun 2014 Background: Tuberculous pericarditis (TBP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and is an important treatable cause of heart failure in developing countries. Tuberculous aetiology of pericarditis is difficult to diagnose promptly. ... Read more
The diagnostic accuracy of urine-based Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected hospitalized patients who are smear-negative or sputum scarce

Author: Peter, Jonathan G ; Theron, Grant ; Muchinga, Tapuwa E ; Govender, Ureshnie ; Dheda, Keertan Date: 2012 BACKGROUND: Hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa are inundated with HIV-infected patients and tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest opportunistic infection in this sub-group. Up to one third of TB-HIV co-infected patients fail to produce a sputum ... Read more c b

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