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Browsing by Author "Varsani, Arvind"

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The mechanism of the amidases: mutating the glutamate adjacent to the catalytic triad inactivates the enzyme due to substrate mispositioning

Author: Weber, Brandon W ; Kimani, Serah W ; Varsani, Arvind ; Cowan, Donald A ; Hunter, Roger ; Venter, Gerhard A ; Gumbart, James C ; Sewell, Trevor B Date: 2013 All known nitrilase superfamily amidase and carbamoylase structures have an additional glutamate thatis hydrogen bonded to the catalytic lysine in addition to the Glu, Lys, Cys “catalytic triad.” In the amidase from Geobacillus pallidus, ... Read more
Mimicking filtration and transport of rotavirus and adenovirus in sand media using DNA-labeled, protein-coated silica nanoparticles

Author: Pang, Liping ; Farkas, Kata ; Bennett, Grant ; Varsani, Arvind ; Easingwood, Richard ; Tilley, Richard ; Nowostawska, Urszula ; Lin, Susan Date: 2014 Abstract Rotavirus (RoV) and adenovirus (AdV) are important viral pathogens for the risk analysis of drinking water. Despite this, little is known about their retention and transport behaviors in porous media due to a lack of representative ... Read more
Molecular characterization and prevalence of two capulaviruses: Alfalfa leaf curl virus from France and Euphorbia caput-medusae latent virus from South Africa

Author: Bernardo, Pauline ; Muhire, Brejnev ; François, Sarah ; Deshoux, Maëlle ; Hartnady, Penelope ; Farkas, Kata ; Kraberger, Simona ; Filloux, Denis ; Fernandez, Emmanuel ; Galzi, Serge ; Ferdinand, Romain ; Granier, Martine ; Marais, Armelle ; Blasco, Pablo Monge ; Candresse, Thierry ; Escriu, Fernando ; Varsani, Arvind ; Harkins, Gordon W ; Martin, Darren P ; Roumagnac, Philippe Date: 2016 Little is known about the prevalence, diversity, evolutionary processes, genomic structures and population dynamics of viruses in the divergent geminivirus lineage known as the capulaviruses. We determined and analyzed full genome sequences ... Read more c b n d
A new African streak virus species from Nigeria

Author: Oluwafemi, Sunday ; Varsani, Arvind ; Monjane, Ade´rito L ; Shepherd, Dionne N ; Owor, Betty E ; Rybicki, Edward P ; Martin, Darren P Date: 2008 The African streak viruses (AfSVs) are a diverse group of mastrevirus species (family Geminiviridae) that infect a wide variety of annual and perennial grass species across the African continent and its nearby Indian Ocean islands. Six AfSV ... Read more
A new isolate of beak and feather disease virus from endemic wild red-fronted parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) in New Zealand

Author: Ortiz-Catedral, Luis ; Kurenbach, Brigitta ; Massaro, Melanie ; McInnes, Kate ; Brunton, Dianne H ; Hauber, Mark E ; Varsani, Arvind ; Martin, Darren P Date: 2010 Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is a viral disease distributed worldwide with a potentially critical impact on many rare parrots. While efforts have been made to determine its prevalence in wild and captive psittacines, only limited ... Read more
New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses

Author: Fontenele, Rafaela S ; Salywon, Andrew M ; Majure, Lucas C ; Cobb, Ilaria N ; Bhaskara, Amulya ; Avalos-Calleros, Jesús A ; Argüello-Astorga, Gerardo R ; Schmidlin, Kara ; Khalifeh, Anthony ; Smith, Kendal ; Schreck, Joshua ; Lund, Michael C ; Köhler, Matias ; Wojciechowski, Martin F ; Hodgson, Wendy C ; Puente-Martinez, Raul ; Van Doorslaer, Koenraad ; Kumari, Safaa ; Oyeniran, Kehinde A ; Vernière, Christian ; Filloux, Denis ; Roumagnac, Philippe ; Lefeuvre, Pierre ; Ribeiro, Simone G ; Kraberger, Simona P ; Martin, Darren P ; Varsani, Arvind Date: 16 Apr 2021 The family Cactaceae comprises a diverse group of typically succulent plants that are native to the American continent but have been introduced to nearly all other continents, predominantly for ornamental purposes. Despite their economic, ... Read more c b
A novel species of mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae) isolated from Digitaria didactyla grass from Australia

Author: Briddon, Rob W ; Martin, Darren P ; Owor, Betty E ; Donaldson, Lara ; Markham, Peter G ; Varsani, Arvind ; Greber, Ray S Date: 2010 Mastreviruses (family Geminiviridae) that infect monocotyledonous plants occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia. Despite the identification of a very diverse array of mastrevirus species whose ... Read more
Novel sugarcane streak and sugarcane streak Reunion mastreviruses from southern Africa and La Réunion.

Author: Shepherd, Dionne N ; Varsani, Arvind ; Windram, Oliver P ; Lefeuvre, Pierre ; Monjane, Ade´rito L ; Owor, Betty E ; Martin, Darren P Date: 2008 The sugarcane infecting streak viruses (SISVs) are mastreviruses (Family Geminiviridae) belonging to a group of ‘‘African streak viruses’’ (AfSVs) that includes the economically devastating Maize streak virus (MSV). Although there are three ... Read more
Pigeon circoviruses display patterns of recombination, genomic secondary structure and selection similar to those of beak and feather disease viruses

Author: Stenzel, Tomasz ; Piasecki, Tomasz ; Chrza˛stek, Klaudia ; Julian, Laurel ; Muhire, Brejnev M ; Golden, Michael ; Martin, Darren P ; Varsani, Arvind Date: 2014 Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) has a ~2 kb genome circular ssDNA genome. All but one of the known PiCV isolates have been found infecting pigeons in various parts of the world. In this study, we screened 324 swab and tissue samples from Polish ... Read more
Post-translational cleavage of recombinantly expressed nitrilase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 yields a stable, active helical form

Author: Thuku, R Ndoria ; Weber, Brandon W ; Varsani, Arvind ; Sewell, B. Trevor Date: 2007 Nitrilases convert nitriles to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia. The nitrilase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 is known to be inactive as a dimer but to become active on oligomerization. The recombinant enzyme undergoes ... Read more c b n
Presence and Persistence of Putative Lytic and Temperate Bacteriophages in Vaginal Metagenomes from South African Adolescents

Author: Happel, Anna-Ursula ; Balle, Christina ; Maust, Brandon S ; Konstantinus, Iyaloo N ; Gill, Katherine ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Froissart, Rémy ; Passmore, Jo-Ann ; Karaoz, Ulas ; Varsani, Arvind ; Jaspan, Heather Date: 23 Nov 2021 The interaction between gut bacterial and viral microbiota is thought to be important in human health. While fluctuations in female genital tract (FGT) bacterial microbiota similarly determine sexual health, little is known about the presence, ... Read more c b
A protocol for the rapid isolation of full geminivirus genomes from dried plant tissue

Author: Shepherd, Dionne N ; Martin, Darren P ; Lefeuvre, Pierre ; Monjane, Aderito L ; Owor, Betty E ; Rybicki, Edward P ; Varsani, Arvind Date: 2008 A high-throughput method of isolating and cloning geminivirus genomes from dried plant material, by combining an Extract-n-AmpTM-based DNA isolation technique with rolling circle amplification (RCA) of viral DNA, is presented. Using this ... Read more c b n d
Recombination hotspots and host susceptibility modulate the adaptive value of recombination during maize streak virus evolution

Author: Monjane, Aderito ; van der Walt, Eric ; Varsani, Arvind ; Rybicki, Edward ; Martin, Darren Date: 2011 BACKGROUND:Maize streak virus -strain A (MSV-A; Genus Mastrevirus, Family Geminiviridae), the maize-adapted strain of MSV that causes maize streak disease throughout sub-Saharan Africa, probably arose between 100 and 200 years ago via homologous ... Read more c b
Recombination patterns in aphthoviruses mirror those found in other picornaviruses

Author: Heath, Livio ; van der Walt, Eric ; Varsani, Arvind ; Martin, Darren P Date: 2006 Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is thought to evolve largely through genetic drift driven by the inherently error-prone nature of its RNA polymerase. There is, however, increasing evidence that recombination is an important mechanism in ... Read more
Recombination, decreased host specificity and increased mobility may have driven the emergence of maize streak virus as an agricultural pathogen.

Author: Varsani, Arvind ; Shepherd, Dionne N ; Monjane, Ade´rito L ; Owor, Betty E ; Erdmann, Julia B ; Rybicki, Edward P ; Peterschmitt, Michel ; Briddon, Rob W ; Markham, Peter G ; Oluwafemi, Sunday ; Windram, Oliver P ; Lefeuvre, Pierre ; Lett, Jean-Michel ; Martin, Darren P Date: 2008 Maize streak virus (MSV; family Geminiviridae, genus Mastrevirus), the causal agent of maize streak disease, ranks amongst the most serious biological threats to food security in subSaharan Africa. Although five distinct MSV strains have been ... Read more
Replicative intermediates of maize streak virus found during leaf development

Author: Erdmann, Julia B ; Shepherd, Dionne N ; Martin, Darren P ; Varsani, Arvind ; Rybicki, Edward P ; Jeske, Holger Date: 2010 Geminiviruses of the genera Begomovirus and Curtovirus utilize three replication modes: complementary-strand replication (CSR), rolling-circle replication (RCR) and recombinationdependent replication (RDR). Using two-dimensional gel ... Read more
Restoration of native folding of single-stranded DNA sequences through reverse mutations: an indication of a new epigenetic mechanism

Author: Shepherd, Dionne N ; Martin, Darren P ; Varsani, Arvind ; Thomson, Jennifer A ; Rybicki, Edward P ; Klump, Horst H Date: 2006 We used in vivo (biological), in silico (computational structure prediction), and in vitro (model sequence folding) analyses of singlestranded DNA sequences to show that nucleic acid folding conservation is the selective principle behind a ... Read more c b n d
SDT: a virus classification tool based on pairwise sequence alignment and identity calculation

Author: Muhire, Brejnev Muhizi ; Varsani, Arvind ; Martin, Darren Patrick Date: 2014 The perpetually increasing rate at which viral full-genome sequences are being determined is creating a pressing demand for computational tools that will aid the objective classification of these genome sequences. Taxonomic classification ... Read more c b
Sex-based differences in Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick growth rates and diet

Author: Jennings, Scott ; Varsani, Arvind ; Dugger, Katie M ; Ballard, Grant ; Ainley, David G Date: 2016 Sexually size-dimorphic species must show some difference between the sexes in growth rate and/or length of growing period. Such differences in growth parameters can cause the sexes to be impacted by environmental variability in different ... Read more c b
Six novel begomoviruses infecting tomato and associated weeds in Southeastern Brazil.

Author: Castillo-Urquiza, Gloria P ; Evando, Jose´ Beserra Jr A ; Bruckner, Fernanda P ; Lima, Alison T M ; Varsani, Arvind ; Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane ; Zerbini, Murilo F Date: 2008 The incidence of tomato-infecting begomoviruses has sharply increased in Brazil following the introduction of the B biotype of the whitefly vector in the early 1990s. Five definitive species and six tentative species have been described since ... Read more

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