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Browsing by Author "Boulle, Andrew"

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Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, compared with composite reference standards, to discriminate between tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected inpatients meeting WHO criteria for seriously ill

Author: Mendelson, Fiona Date: 2018 Tuberculosis, bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) are the commonest causes of hospitalisation in HIV-infected individuals. Prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are important to reduce ... Read more
Diagnostic accuracy, incremental yield and prognostic value of Determine TB-LAM for routine diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients requiring acute hospital admission in South Africa: a prospective cohort

Author: Lawn, Stephen D ; Kerkhoff, Andrew D ; Burton, Rosie ; Schutz, Charlotte ; Boulle, Andrew ; Vogt, Monica ; Gupta-Wright, Ankur ; Nicol, Mark P ; Meintjes, Graeme Date: 2017 Abstract Background We previously reported that one-third of HIV-positive adults requiring medical admission to a South African district hospital had laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) and that almost two-thirds of cases could be rapidly ... Read more
Early adherence to antiretroviral medication as a predictor of long-term HIV virological suppression: five-year follow up of an observational cohort

Author: Ford, Nathan ; Darder, Marta ; Spelman, Tim ; Maclean, Emi ; Mills, Edward ; Boulle, Andrew Date: 2010 Objective Previous studies have demonstrated a cross-sectional relationship between antiretroviral adherence and HIV virological suppression. We assessed the predictive value of baseline adherence in determining long-term virological failure. ... Read more c b
The effeciveness and determinants of effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy for adults in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

Author: Boulle, Andrew Date: 2009 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) first became available in the public sector in the Western Cape Province in Khayelitsha in 2001. This thesis describes the effectiveness of ART in Khayelitsha and the Province, following adult patients for up to ... Read more
Effectiveness of the first district-wide programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa

Author: Coetzee, David ; Hilderbrand, Katherine ; Boulle, Andrew ; Draper, Beverley ; Abdullah, Fareed ; Goemaere, Eric Date: 2005 Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the field efficacy of the first routine programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) initiated in South Africa, in the subdistrict ... Read more
Efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine with and without artesunate for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Mozambique : a randomised controlled trial

Author: Allen, Elizabeth Date: 2008 [Background and rationale] Malaria accounts for a large public health burden in Mozambique and a treatment policy with effective anti-malarials is a key component of their malaria control programme. Artemisinin-based combination therapies ... Read more
Efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine with or without artesunate for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in southern Mozambique: a randomized controlled trial

Author: Allen, Elizabeth N ; Little, Francesca ; Camba, Tunisio ; Cassam, Yasmin ; Raman, Jaishree ; Boulle, Andrew ; Barnes, Karen I Date: 2009 BACKGROUND: An artemisinin-based combination therapy, artesunate (AS) plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), was compared to SP monotherapy to provide evidence of further treatment options in southern Mozambique. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2005, ... Read more c b
Elevation and cholera: an epidemiological spatial analysis of the cholera epidemic in Harare, Zimbabwe, 2008-2009

Author: Luque-Fernandez, Miguel Angel ; Schomaker, Michael ; Mason, Peter ; Fesselet, Jean ; Baudot, Yves ; Boulle, Andrew ; Maes, Peter Date: 2012 BACKGROUND: In highly populated African urban areas where access to clean water is a challenge, water source contamination is one of the most cited risk factors in a cholera epidemic. During the rainy season, where there is either no sewage ... Read more c b
Enumerating and estimating maternal and neonatal deaths in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

Author: Damian, Damian Jeremia Date: 2022 Measuring and monitoring progress towards global development goals requires valid and reliable estimates of maternal and child mortality. This thesis has aimed at enumerating and estimating maternal and neonatal deaths from 2010 to 2013 in ... Read more
Estimating loss to follow-up in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: the effect of the competing risk of death in Zambia and Switzerland

Author: Schöni-Affolter, Franziska ; Keiser, Olivia ; Mwango, Albert ; Stringer, Jeffrey ; Ledergerber, Bruno ; Mulenga, Lloyd ; Bucher, Heiner C ; Westfall, Andrew O ; Calmy, Alexandra ; Boulle, Andrew ; Chintu, Namwinga ; Egger, Matthias ; Chi, Benjamin H Date: 2011 BACKGROUND: Loss to follow-up (LTFU) is common in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes. Mortality is a competing risk (CR) for LTFU; however, it is often overlooked in cohort analyses. We examined how the CR of death affected LTFU estimates ... Read more c b
Estimating the impact of antiretroviral treatment on adult mortality trends in South Africa: A mathematical modelling study

Author: Johnson, Leigh F ; May, Margaret T ; Cornell, Morna ; Boulle, Andrew ; Egger, Matthias ; Davies, Mary-Ann Date: 2017 Substantial reductions in adult mortality have been observed in South Africa since the mid-2000s, but there has been no formal evaluation of how much of this decline is attributable to the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART), as previous ... Read more
An evaluation of the implementation of the 3-tiered ART monitoring system in South Africa

Author: White, Catherine Date: 2016 Background and Purpose: South Africa has the largest public antiretroviral (ART) service in the world but until recently it was unable to report from primary sources the numbers of patients on ART and was unable to monitor the program outcomes ... Read more
Expanded programme for immunisation: Review of the Western Cape Department of health public private partnership

Author: Werner, Jesse Date: 2021 Background: The demand for healthcare services has been steadily increasing over the years whilst the health system is subjected to increasing resource limitations. The private sector has therefore, in various ways, including Public Private ... Read more
Exploring the costs of a limited public sector antiretroviral treatment programme in South Africa

Author: Boulle, Andrew ; Kenyon, Christopher ; Skordis, Jolene ; Wood, Robin Date: 2002 Background: The role of antiretroviral treatment for adults in the pubic sector in South Africa is debated with little consideration of programme choices that could impact on the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. This study seeks to ... Read more
Feasibility of an HIV self-testing intervention: a formative qualitative study among individuals, community leaders, and HIV testing experts in northern Tanzania

Author: Njau, Bernard ; Lisasi, Esther ; Damian, Damian J ; Mushi, Declare L ; Boulle, Andrew ; Mathews, Catherine Date: 15 Apr 2020 Background Achieving the 95–95-95 global targets by 2030, innovative HIV testing models, such as HIV self-testing are needed for people, who are unaware of their HIV status. We aimed to explore key informants, mountain climbing ... Read more
Growth patterns of infants with in- utero HIV and ARV exposure in Cape Town, South Africa and Lusaka, Zambia

Author: Nyemba, Dorothy C. ; Kalk, Emma ; Vinikoor, Michael J ; Madlala, Hlengiwe P ; Mubiana-Mbewe, Mwangelwa ; Mzumara, Maureen ; Moore, Carolyn B ; Slogrove, Amy L ; Boulle, Andrew ; Davies, Mary-Ann ; Myer, Landon ; Powis, Kathleen Date: 10 Jan 2022 Background Infants born HIV-exposed yet remain uninfected (HEU) are at increased risk of poorer growth and health compared to infants born HIV-unexposed (HU). Whether maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) in pregnancy ... Read more c b
High yield of culture-based diagnosis in a TB-endemic setting

Author: Demers, Anne-Marie ; Verver, Suzanne ; Boulle, Andrew ; Warren, Robin ; van Helden, Paul ; Behr, Marcel ; Coetzee, David Date: 2012 BACKGROUND: In most of the world, microbiologic diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is limited to microscopy. Recent guidelines recommend culture-based diagnosis where feasible. METHODS: In order to evaluate the relative and absolute incremental ... Read more c b
HIV surveillance : a 12 year analysis of HIV prevalence trends and comparing HIV prevalence from sentinel antenatal clinic surveys and prevention of mother-to-child programmes

Author: Essel, Vivien Date: 2015 Background Sentinel antenatal clinic (ANC) surveys remain a key source of data on HIV prevalence trends. Recently though, with an increase in the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes, there have been debates ... Read more
HIV viral load as an independent risk factor for tuberculosis in South Africa: collaborative analysis of cohort studies

Author: Fenner, Lukas ; Atkinson, Andrew ; Boulle, Andrew ; Fox, Matthew P ; Prozesky, Hans ; ZYrcher, Kathrin ; Ballif, Marie ; Furrer, Hansjakob ; Zwahlen, Marcel ; Davies, Mary-Ann ; Egger, Matthias Date: 2017 Introduction: Chronic immune activation due to ongoing HIV replication may lead to impaired immune responses against opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB). We studied the role of HIV replication as a risk factor for incident TB ... Read more
Late mortality, loss to follow-up, and associated factors in adults on long term antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha

Author: Van Cutsem, Gilles Date: 2008 The objectives of the study is to estimate baseline characteristics, survival, and factors associated with mortality and losses to follow-up in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and compare the periods before (early) and after (late) ... Read more

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