Browsing by Subject "socioeconomic status"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Accuracy of reporting food energy intake: Influence of ethnicity and body weight status in South African women
    (2010) Mchiza, Z J; Goedecke, Julia; Lambert, Estelle
    The current study sought to identify characteristics that may be associated with the misreporting of food energy intake (EI) in urban South African women. A total of 198 women (61 black, 76 of mixed ancestry, 61 white) completed a quantified food frequency questionnaire, from which daily energy and macronutrient intake were calculated. Body composition (body mass index [BMI], percentage of body fat), body image (Feel-Ideal Difference index and Body Shape questions) and socio-economic status (SES) (household density and asset index) were also measured. Food EI in relation to estimated basal metabolic rate ratio that was less than 1.05 represented under-reporting, whereas a ratio greater than 2.28 represented over-reporting. Results suggested that 26% of the participants under-reported, 64% adequately reported and 10% over-reported. Participants who under-reported had a higher BMI (p < 0.01) and higher percentage of body fat (p < 0.05) than those who adequately and over-reported. The majority of under-reporters were black (38%) versus 21% under-reporters of mixed ancestry and 20% white under-reporters (p < 0.01). Eighty-three per cent of black under-reporters were obese. On the other hand, a majority (63%) of overweight women of mixed ancestry and a majority (50%) of white normal-weight women under-reported their food EI. Under-reporters reported a lower intake of dietary fat (p < 0.01) and a higher intake of dietary protein (p < 0.01) than adequate or over-reporters. Food EI reporting was not influenced by SES or body image. In conclusion, results suggest that food EI reporting is influenced by body size, and may be ethnic-specific in South African women.
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    Do antisocial and prosocial traits vary across different socioeconomic status groups in a sample of South African adolescents?
    (2024) Knipe, Candice; Schrieff-Brown, Leigh
    South Africa, globally recognized for its high crime rates, prompts a nuanced exploration of the interconnections between crime, antisocial traits, and protective factors such as prosocial traits within its unique context. The current research therefore aimed to examine the prevalence of antisocial and prosocial traits in adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds within this context. Existing research predominantly focuses on higher income countries, leaving a notable gap in understanding within the South African low - to middle income country landscape. Despite its middle-income classification, South Africa grapples with pervasive inequality with much of the population living in poorer socioeconomic settings, emphasizing the importance of investigating the extent of both antisocial and prosocial traits across diverse socio-economic settings. The study utilized a cross-sectional and correlation design. Online self-report questionnaires were used to gather demographic and socio-economic status information, antisocial scores using the Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits, and prosocial scores using the Prosocial Tendency Measure. The sample, comprised of South African adolescents, of which 52% were male, 45% were female, 3% were non-binary, aged 13-18 (N=44). I used multiple linear regression to analyse the collected data. The study's findings demonstrated that gender emerged as a significant predictor for both prosocial and antisocial behaviours among adolescents (ICU: p=0.03; PTM: p=0.04). However, the results did not support a significant association between socioeconomic status and these outcomes. This research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors shaping antisocial and prosocial traits, particularly during adolescence, within the South African context
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    Organ donation Week 4 - Money and transplantation
    (2017) Thomson, David
    This video focuses on the costs surrounding organ transplantation. The video discusses access to healthcare as a human right. It touches on how financial constraints affect the transplantation outcomes. The video also talks about the cost factor for immunosuppressive drugs and how it is affected by healthcare provision. The video then talks about the economic models of transplant organisations and the organ donation process. The video also discusses the transportation requirements for potential recipients. The video then provides an example of the effect of socioeconomic status for organ transplant recipients. This is video 1/9 in week 4 of the Organ Donation course.
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    The Role of Socioeconomic Status on Students' Employment Expectations in South Africa
    (2021) Weaver, Michaela; Bagraim, Jeffrey; Sait, Zaakiyah
    The influence of students' socioeconomic statuses (SES) on their employment expectations is a largely understudied topic in the context of South Africa. There has additionally been little focus on the extent to which students' SESs affect their willingness to settle for lower earnings and their anticipation of socioeconomic discrimination in the workplace. With South Africa's unique SES makeup, as spurred on by the remnants of apartheid, it is important to investigate the effect that students' SESs may have upon their 1) earnings expectations 2) employment expectations 3) anticipated socioeconomic status discrimination and 4) willingness to settle for lower earnings. Bandura's (1977) Social Cognitive Learning Theory (SCLT) was used to investigate how students' employment expectations differ based on their environments and core self-evaluations. This theory was therefore used to ground and inform this research. In a quantitative, cross-sectional study with a South Africa student sample (N = 346), this study obtained the following results: 1) SES does not significantly predict students' earning expectations and employment expectations over and above the control variables 2) SES significantly predicts students' anticipated socioeconomic status discrimination and willingness to settle for lower earnings 3) core self-evaluation significantly moderates the relationships between socioeconomic status and students' earning expectations as well as between socioeconomic status and willingness to settle for lower earnings 4) core self-evaluation does not significantly moderate the relationships between socioeconomic status and students' employment expectations as well as between socioeconomic status and anticipated socioeconomic status discrimination. This study has important implications for organizational policy concerning the advocation and implementation of work free from discrimination in South Africa. Through this research, organizations may be provided with insight into how individuals' work expectations may differ based on their SESs, potentially leading to the creation of more inclusive policies and practices. Limitations and future recommendations are outlined.