Browsing by Subject "private sector"

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    Clinical Outcomes Associated with Speech, Language and Swallowing Difficulties Post-Stroke – A Prospective Cohort Study
    (2022) Kaylor, Stephanie Anne; Singh, Shajila
    Background: Due to a lack of prospective research in South Africa's Speech-Language Therapy (SLT) private healthcare sector, this prospective cohort study investigated associations between speech, language, and swallowing conditions (i.e. dysarthria, apraxia of speech, aphasia, dysphagia), risk factors, and outcomes post-stroke (i.e. length of hospital stay, degree of physical disability according to the Modified Rankin Scale [mRS], functional level of oral intake according to the Functional Oral Intake Scale [FOIS], dehydration, weight loss, aspiration pneumonia, mortality). Methods: Adults with a new incident of stroke without pre-existing speech, language or swallowing difficulties (N=68) were recruited. Convenience sampling was used to select participants. A prospective design was used to determine the incidence of speech, language, and swallowing conditions poststroke and association with outcomes from admission to discharge. Results: Co-occurring speech, language, and swallowing conditions frequently occurred post-stroke (88%). Participants who were referred to SLT greater than 24 hours post-admission (52.94%) stayed in hospital for a median of three days longer than those who were referred within 24 hours (p=.042). Dysphagia was significantly associated with moderate to severe physical disability. Dysphagia with aspiration was significantly associated with poor functional level of oral intake (i.e. altered consistency diets and enteral nutrition), at admission and at discharge (p<. 01). Dysphagia had a higher likelihood of mortality (OR=2.86) (p=.319). At discharge, aspiration pneumonia was significantly associated with severe physical disability (p< .01, r=0.70). Risk factors; poor oral hygiene (p=1.00), low level of consciousness (p=1.00), dependent for oral intake (p=.040), and enteral nutrition (p=.257); were not associated with aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion: In South Africa's private sector, cooccurring speech, language, and swallowing conditions commonly occurred post-stroke, and dysphagia was strongly associated with physical disability and poor functional level of oral intake. Length of hospital stay was increased by delayed SLT referrals.
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    Innovative Finance Week 4 Video 1 - Multi-stakeholder partnerships
    (2019) Patton, Aunnie
    This video focuses on multi-stakeholder partnerships. The video defines what multi-stakeholder partnerships are and also provides examples of multi-stakeholder partnerships. The first example is in the public health sector and the sector example is in the agricultural sector. Both examples outline who the stake holders are and what role they play in the respective programs. The video then discusses what makes these approaches innovative. This is video 1/11 in week 4 of the Innovative Finance: Hacking Finance to Change the World course.
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    The nexus between growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and youth employment in Eritrea
    (2019) Malamulo,Terence Crayl; Mukuddem-Petersen, Janine
    Economic growth and development are strategic for the overall development of a country. Micro, small and medium enterprises play a surmountable role in economic growth and development. Among other contributions, they provide jobs in an economy. Several developing countries, such as Eritrea, face limited private sector growth, yet also have the need to invest in the creation of enough and decent job for youths. Hence, this study intended to identify the prominent factors that deter the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises as well as the connection between their growth and youth employment, using a case study of Eritrea. The study used econometric research method. Through stratified sampling and a questionnaire, it collected data from 76 micro, small and medium enterprises. In the analysis, it used ordinal and binary logistic regressions, chi-square and correlation tests. The study concludes that there is no sufficient evidence that the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises influences youth employment. It finds that the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises is deterred by obstructive access to raw materials, obstructive banking regulations and obstructive general business regulations and policies. The study recommends improvement of the macro-economic conditions for pro-business sector growth, establishment of a policy on development of micro, small and medium enterprises, and a gradual liberalization of the private economy. Further, it proposes an impact investing based growth model of micro, small and medium enterprises to increase certainty on employment creation contribution. It suggests that an investment in micro, small and medium enterprises for youth employment creation that does not address the identified deterrents faces a significant impact risk.