Browsing by Subject "Young adults"

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    Alcohol, binge drinking and associated mental health problems in young urban Chileans
    (Public Library of Science, 2015) Mason-Jones, Amanda J; Cabieses, Báltica
    Objective To explore the link between alcohol use, binge drinking and mental health problems in a representative sample of adolescent and young adult Chileans. METHODS: Age and sex-adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) for four mental wellbeing measures were estimated with separate conditional logistic regression models for adolescents aged 15-20 years, and young adults aged 21-25 years, using population-based estimates of alcohol use prevalence rates from the Chilean National Health Survey 2010. RESULTS: Sixty five per cent of adolescents and 85% of young adults reported drinking alcohol in the last year and of those 83% per cent of adolescents and 86% of young adults reported binge drinking in the previous month. Adolescents who reported binging alcohol were also more likely, compared to young adults, to report being always or almost always depressed (OR 12.97 [95% CI, 1.86-19.54]) or to feel very anxious in the last month (OR 9.37 [1.77-19.54]). Adolescent females were more likely to report poor life satisfaction in the previous year than adolescent males (OR 8.50 [1.61-15.78]), feel always or almost always depressed (OR 3.41 [1.25-9.58]). Being female was also associated with a self-reported diagnosis of depression for both age groups (adolescents, OR 4.74 [1.49-15.08] and young adults, OR 4.08 [1.65-10.05]). CONCLUSION: Young people in Chile self-report a high prevalence of alcohol use, binge drinking and associated mental health problems. The harms associated with alcohol consumption need to be highlighted through evidence-based prevention programs. Health and education systems need to be strengthened to screen and support young people. Focussing on policy initiatives to limit beverage companies targeting alcohol to young people will also be needed.
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    Antiretroviral therapy outcomes among adolescents and youth in rural Zimbabwe
    (Public Library of Science, 2012) Bygrave, Helen; Mtangirwa, Judith; Ncube, Kwenzakwenkosi; Ford, Nathan; Kranzer, Katharina; Munyaradzi, Dhodho
    Around 2 million adolescents and 3 million youth are estimated to be living with HIV worldwide. Antiretroviral outcomes for this group appear to be worse compared to adults. We report antiretroviral therapy outcomes from a rural setting in Zimbabwe among patients aged 10-30 years who were initiated on ART between 2005 and 2008. The cohort was stratified into four age groups: 10-15 (young adolescents) 15.1-19 years (adolescents), 19.1-24 years (young adults) and 24.1-29.9 years (older adults). Survival analysis was used to estimate rates of deaths and loss to follow-up stratified by age group. Endpoints were time from ART initiation to death or loss to follow-up. Follow-up of patients on continuous therapy was censored at date of transfer, or study end (31 December 2008). Sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for different age groups. 898 patients were included in the analysis; median duration on ART was 468 days. The risk of death were highest in adults compared to young adolescents (aHR 2.25, 95%CI 1.17-4.35). Young adults and adolescents had a 2-3 times higher risk of loss to follow-up compared to young adolescents. When estimating the risk of attrition combining loss to follow-up and death, young adults had the highest risk (aHR 2.70, 95%CI 1.62-4.52). This study highlights the need for adapted adherence support and service delivery models for both adolescents and young adults.
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    Positive attitudes toward adoption of a multi-component intervention strategy aimed at improving HIV outcomes among adolescents and young people in Nampula, Mozambique: perspectives of HIV care providers
    (2023-06-06) Mogoba, Phepo; Lesosky, Maia; Mukonda, Elton E.; Zerbe, Allison; Falcao, Joana; Zandamela, Ricardino; Myer, Landon; Abrams, Elaine J.
    Background Service providers' attitudes toward interventions are essential for adopting and implementing novel interventions into healthcare settings, but evidence of evaluations in the HIV context is still limited. This study is part of the CombinADO cluster randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04930367), which is investigating the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention package (CombinADO strategy) aimed at improving HIV outcomes among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) in Mozambique. In this paper we present findings on key stakeholder attitudes toward adopting study interventions into local health services. Methods Between September and December 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with a purposive sample of 59 key stakeholders providing and overseeing HIV care among AYAHIV in 12 health facilities participating in the CombinADO trial, who completed a 9-item scale on attitudes towards adopting the trial intervention packages in health facilities. Data were collected in the pre-implementation phase of the study and included individual stakeholder and facility-level characteristics. We used generalized linear regression to examine the associations of stakeholder attitude scores with stakeholder and facility-level characteristics. Results Overall, service-providing stakeholders within this setting reported positive attitudes regarding adopting intervention packages across study clinic sites; the overall mean total attitude score was 35.0 ([SD] = 2.59, Range = [30–41]). The study package assessed (control or intervention condition) and the number of healthcare workers delivering ART care in participating clinics were the only significant explanatory variables to predict higher attitude scores among stakeholders (β = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.34–2.80, p = 0.01 and β = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.06–3.08, p = 0.04 respectively). Conclusions This study found positive attitudes toward adopting the multi-component CombinADO study interventions among HIV care providers for AYAHIV in Nampula, Mozambique. Our findings suggest that adequate training and human resource availability may be important in promoting the adoption of novel multi-component interventions in healthcare services by influencing healthcare provider attitudes.
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    The stuff that dreams are made of...Narratives on educational decision-making among young adults in Cape Town
    (2007) De Lannoy, Ariane
    This paper examines the narratives of eight young, Black South Africans on their decisions around education. Analysis focuses on these young adults' value of education on the one hand, and the parallels or breaches between that value and education-related choices or actions on the other. It shows that educational decision-making should be regarded as part of a larger process of identity-formation. I argue that the young people in my sample choose different strategies in attempts to create their identity. One such strategy implies a long-term oriented focus on success; choosing in favour of education is an intrinsic part thereof. Another one rests on a more short-term oriented wish for the same type of success, however with little or no concrete plans on how to reach that. The importance of education is not openly rejected by young adults adapting this second strategy, yet it is not a central factor in it either. Strategies such as these are, however, not static, and the distinction between them not as unambiguous as may seem. Shifting factors in a context of 'fragility' may lead young adults to rethink their choices and plans; many move between different strategies, or create 'in-between' versions that leave room for adaptation when necessary.