Browsing by Subject "Social service"
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- ItemOpen AccessThe development of social welfare services in the Transkei from 1963-1983(1985) Sawula, Innocent Theo Didekile; Lowe, GaryThe study is a historical analysis of the development of social welfare services in the Transkei from 1968- 1983. The background idea to this study is that over the 20-year period, casual observations reveal that much has been done by way of social work service delivery but very little has been done to scientifically document the developments. The need for scientific investigation and documentation was therefore indicated. The first task was the basic definition and exposition of social welfare and related concepts like social work social policy and social administration. Theories examined included those of some Western writers especially British and American. The understanding of social welfare in the Transkei has been outlined and compared with the current western and Third World approaches. Progressive stages in the development of social welfare services from private bodies to the establishment of a state department of Social Welfare and Pensions have been reviewed. The traditional humanitarian and religious influences in the development of social welfare in the Transkei have been examined and the resultant current trends briefly outlined. Various agencies including state departments, corporations, welfare organisations and other social institutions have been focused in this regard. The training of social workers both in the Transkei, the rest of the Southern African region and overseas as an influential factor in the development of social welfare in the Transkei has been examined. In the summary, a brief review of the study has been given. The need for more intensive study emerged. Major recommendations included the following: 1. Structural : with a view to having the Transkei government not only maintain the existence of the Department of Social Welfare, but to transfer all the relevant functions like counselling and rural development to the relevant department. 2. Academic which includes a review of the academic requirements for grassroots social work practice and university staffing in such a manner that the practitioners and trainers are neither above nor below the standard requirements as recommended in the study. 3. General which include consideration of a pension scheme for labourers and deferred pay for the benefit of families left in the country by migrant labourers.
- ItemOpen AccessThe pattern, frequency and suitability of informal day care provision for pre-school children in Khayelitsha(1986) Lines, Linda Rosalind; Cohen, MorrisThe study was designed to investigate the structure and function of informal day care provision for pre-school children in Khayelitsha, but the inquiry succeeded in generating information beyond the original assignment. Data was gathered from interviews with active in the day care field and from local agencies meetings with residents in Khayelitsha, as well as from a field study carried out in Khayelitsha. A review of international and local literature was also undertaken. A brief history of black settlement in the Western Cape and an examination of their socio-cultural environment provided the necessary backdrop for the study. The field study involved systematic selection of 200 houses in Khayelitsha. Respondents completed a questionnaire administered by the investigator. The questionnaire furnished information on the use of day care and produced a profile of day carers and the services they offered. A similar questionnaire was used to collect information from the pre-school centre. Analysis of the data revealed that child rearing practices differed from those of technologically advanced societies, but they were not deficient! The findings demonstrated that parents preferred day care in the home setting to that of the school setting. The pattern of day care services accentuates the importance of mutual aid and kinship and social networks in the community. Day care arrangements tended to be stable and were provided predominantly by relatives, friends and neighbours. The frequency with which day care services were required, corresponded to the work commitments of the parents, and usually involved overnight care. The pre-school centre operated during the weekdays from 7.30 am to 4.30 pm, with after-school care frequently undertaken by older siblings. The findings reveal that day carers function as surrogate mothers and incorporate the children into their families. The data collected with regard to suitability of the service offered, relates to physical needs, emotional needs, discipline and promoting readiness for the future, and emphasizes the universal poverty that abounds in the area, but simultaneously highlights the importance of traditions and the resourcefulness of the people in transcending the culture of poverty and providing an enriching environment for the children. The recommendations draw attention to the need for finance, training and supportive services, but recognises the justified resistance of the community to initiatives from the State.
- ItemOpen AccessPsychological gender : the relationship between sex-role and gender identity(1985) Joffe, Arlene Ora; Stricklin, AnnThe study is based on psychoanalytic theory of the development of gender identity. The basic premise is that there are at least two levels of gender-related identity, viz. gender identity and sex-role. Thirty-three male and thirty-nine female university students participated in the study. They were asked to complete questionnaires designed to measure gender identity, sex-role and sexual orientation. Gender identity was measured by means of fantasy patterns which emerge in story-telling. The Bern Sex-Role Inventory was used to measure sex-role. Subjects' sexual orientations were described with the aid of the Kinsey Seven-Point Rating Scale. Results indicate a number of unanticipated complexities which need further investigation. The type of picture used in the measurement of gender identity seems to determine whether or not a subject's true gender identity will emerge or whether it will be distorted. There is a relationship between sex-role and gender identity, but it is indirect. The gender identities of persons whose sex-roles are feminine, masculine or undifferentiated tend to conform to biological sex. Persons whose sex-roles are androgynous, however, tend towards feminine gender identity whatever their biological sex. Further research is recommended to confirm or refute these results.
- ItemOpen Access
- ItemOpen AccessTherapeutic milieu agent or substitute parent? : a study of the role of houseparents in children's homes in South Africa(1981) Wilter, Adele Spektor; Hare, Alexander Paul; Von Broembsen, MaxThe purpose of this study was to investigate day-to-day experiences in children's homes, through an examination mainly of their daily routines and leisure time activities. In order to achieve this goal, these experiences were assumed to be contained in the concept of a therapeutic milieu. Each respondents commitment to the creation of a therapeutic milieu was thus assessed by means of a range of questions which formed a Milieu Therapy Scale, and the consequences of such commitment for factors such as the size of the Home, incidences of bedwetting, frequency of visiting by friends and parents, the tasks performed by respondents, the use of corporal punishment, and the number of absconders, was then investigated.