Journal Articles

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Browsing Journal Articles by Publication Type "Report"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Alcohol - foe or friend?
    (2005) Blackhurst, D M; Marais, A D
    In the same month that this manuscript was prepared, newspapers had twice warned the public about the negative aspects of alcohol consumption. South African drinkers consume among the highest volumes of alcoholic beverages in the world, at approximately 50 ml ethanol per drinker per day, making alcohol abuse one of South Africa’s top ten health and social problems.
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    Endovascular treatment of post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae using latex detachable balloons
    (2005) Szkup, P; Beningfield, S
    Objective. To determine the efficiency of latex detachable balloons in the treatment of post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae (CCF). Methods. Management and outcome were reviewed for 34 consecutive patients with post-traumatic CCF personally treated by one of the authors (PS) using latex detachable balloons during the 4-year period 1996 - 2000. Results. Endovascular embolisation of 34 CCFs was attempted in 33 patients. In 1 patient where the fistula was a result of rupture of an intracavernous aneurysm, the fistula thrombosed spontaneously before embolisation was attempted. In the 33 treated patients, the fistula was occluded in 30 cases (91%). Patency of the internal carotid artery was preserved in 16 cases (53%). Conclusion. A high percentage (91%) of direct CCFs were successfully occluded with latex detachable balloons. There were no permanent neurological complications in any of the patients treated.
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    Hypertensive encephalopathy with CT confirmation in four children with acute renal disease
    (2005) Andronikou, S; Patel, M; Sinclair, P; McCulloch, M
    Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is a clinical syndrome that occurs infrequently in children and is often underdiagnosed. We review four patients with HE and describe their clinical presentation and radiological findings on computed tomography (CT). Our cases demonstrate typical features on CT and correlate clinically with the syndrome of HE. Prompt recognition of the syndrome aids in earlier diagnosis and treatment, and hence proves beneficial to the patient.
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    Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in key South African sectors: an input into the Long Term Mitigation Scenarios process.
    (Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, 2007) Midgley, G; Chapman, R; Mukheibir, P; Tadross, M; Hewitson, B; Wand, S; Schulze, R; Lumsden, T; Horan, M; Warburton, M; Kgope, B; Mantlana, B; Knowles, A; Abayomi, A; Ziervogel, G; Cullis, R; Theron, A
    Ten free-standing chapters make up this report, and this Executive Summary and supporting Synthesis Report serve to draw together the main findings in both an abbreviated and an extended and illustrated format that focuses on main findings, but also adds a level of detail for the purpose of communicating the key results, and the uncertainties associated with them, for the benefit of a policy maker. The chapters that make up this report are compiled as separate documents as follows. These are generally reviews of the literature available, but in some cases comprise new work that has been carried out to provide information in an area that is lacking an assessment.
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    Technical details underlying the Management Strategy Evaluation process leading to selection of a Management Procedure for Western Component (4Xopqrs5) pollock
    (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2011) Rademeyer, Rebecca A; Butterworth, Doug S
    This document provides full technical details of the computations carried out during the process of developing and selecting a Management Procedure (MP) for providing annual catch limits for Western Component (4Xopqrs5) Pollock. This process commenced at a workshop held on 9-10 December 2010, and was completed at a Regional Assessment Process held on 9-10 May 2011. First key aspects of the methodology are elaborated: the various operating models of the Pollock population dynamics used in the simulation testing of Candidate MPs for the resource; the projection methodology for simulating population behaviour into the future; the statistics agreed to measure Candidate MP performance; and finally the details of the Candidate MPs, which all specify catch limits based on the three-year geometric mean of the survey abundance index for the resource. The results of these simulations are reported, together with an explanation of how one of the Candidate MPs was selected on the basis of best satisfying three medium term objectives agreed for management of the resource. These relate to considerations of sustainability, catch and limitations on the extent of annual catch changes.
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    The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign in a polycythaemic child
    (2005) Douis, H; Andronikou, S; Jadwat, S
    The hyperdense middle cerebral artery (HMCA) sign is known to be an early sign of intracranial arterial occlusion or infarction during unenhanced CT imaging of the brain.1 This sign has also been seen after treatment with bromide,2 in cocaine abusers3 and in adults with elevated haematocrit,4 but has not previously been reported to be a result of polycythaemia in children.
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    The management of complex pancreatic injuries
    (2005) Krige, J E J; Beningfield, S J; Nicol, A J; Navsaria, P
    Major injuries of the pancreas are uncommon, but may result in considerable morbidity and mortality because of the magnitude of associated vascular and duodenal injuries or underestimation of the extent of the pancreatic injury. Prognosis is influenced by the cause and complexity of the pancreatic injury, the amount of blood lost, duration of shock, speed of resuscitation and quality and nature of surgical intervention. Early mortality usually results from uncontrolled or massive bleeding due to associated vascular and adjacent organ injuries. Late mortality is a consequence of infection or multiple organ failure. Neglect of major pancreatic duct injury may lead to life-threatening complications including pseudocysts, fistulas, pancreatitis, sepsis and secondary haemorrhage. Careful operative assessment to determine the extent of gland damage and the likelihood of duct injury is usually sufficient to allow planning of further management. This strategy provides a simple approach to the management of pancreatic injuries regardless of the cause. Four situations are defined by the extent and site of injury: (i) minor lacerations, stabs or gunshot wounds of the superior or inferior border of the body or tail of the pancreas (i.e. remote from the main pancreatic duct), without visible duct involvement, are best managed by external drainage; (ii) major lacerations or gunshot or stab wounds in the body or tail with visible duct involvement or transection of more than half the width of the pancreas are treated by distal pancreatectomy; (iii) stab wounds, gunshot wounds and contusions of the head of the pancreas without devitalisation of pancreatic tissue are managed by external drainage, provided that any associated duodenal injury is amenable to simple repair; and (iv) non-reconstructable injuries with disruption of the ampullary-biliary-pancreatic union or major devitalising injuries of the pancreatic head and duodenum in stable patients are best treated by pancreatoduodenectomy. Internal drainage or complex defunctioning procedures are not useful in the emergency management of pancreatic injuries, and can be avoided without increasing morbidity. Unstable patients may require initial damage control before later definitive surgery. Successful treatment of complex injuries of the head of the pancreas depends largely on initial correct assessment and appropriate treatment. The management of these severe proximal pancreatic injuries remains one of the most difficult challenges in abdominal trauma surgery, and optimal results are most likely to be obtained by an experienced multidisciplinary team.
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    The paediatric suprasellar cistern as an important CT review area
    (2005) Dahya, V; Andronikou, S
    Pathology affecting the suprasellar cistern is varied in paediatric neuroradiology practice. Although MRI is the imaging modality of choice for lesions of the suprasellar cistern, abnormalities can be detected on CT with knowledge of the normal anatomy and a sound approach to the possible pathological entities. We present our approach to pathology affecting the suprasellar cistern and highlight this using various cases seen at our institution in the recent past.