OpenUCT :: Browsing by Author "Tuan, Nien-Tsu"

Browsing by Author "Tuan, Nien-Tsu"

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Open Access
A systemic exploration of information systems project risks in the South African public sector
(2021) Chiloane, Poelo Leo; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
Purpose: This study aims to investigate Information Systems (IS) project risks in the South African public sector, and to develop a systemic model of the most dominant risks encountered and identify the interrelationships that exist between these risks. Design and methodology: The study is conducted through the application of Interactive Management (IM) to identify IS project risks and structure the interrelationships between them. The IM methodology comprises of four key phases: Idea Generation, Idea Clarification, Idea Structuring, and Interpretation. A workshop with a group of participants is required to carry out an IM intervention successfully. During the Idea Generation phase, participants are asked a triggering question to elicit ideas, which are then clarified and structured in the subsequent phases of IM before final interpretation. Findings: In the Idea Generation phase, six IM participants working on public sector IS projects were asked a triggering question to elicit dominant IS project risks they perceive to be important. The participants initially identified 34 IS project risks, which were reduced to 24 after they brainstormed their relevance during the Idea Clarification phase. Further deliberations led to the participants removing another risk during the Idea Structuring phase. During the Idea Structuring phase, the remaining 23 risks were structured to produce an Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) digraph with the aid of software. The ISM digraph revealed three risk factors as the primary drivers of IS project risks in the public sector, specifically, in the context of this study. These risks are ‘lack of consultation with users', ‘budget cuts' and ‘excessive red tape'. Value of study: This research contributes to the following: (1) the existing knowledge-base on public sector IS project risk management; (2) the focus on a soft systemic approach such as IM helps in uncovering context-specific issues on IS project risks that may not be available in extant literature; and (3) the collaborative learning process of the IM approach adds to research on the sustainability of complex IS projects implemented in the public sector.
Open Access
A systemic exploration of risks in mobile application development projects and environments
(2022) du Plessis, Ashlea; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
Purpose - The aim of this research is to develop an understanding of the most common risks encountered during mobile application development projects and identify the interrelationships that exist between these risks to highlight the core risk drivers that negatively impact these projects and outcomes. Research design and methodology - This study adopted a holistic approach using Warfield's Interactive Management (IM) methodology to understand the risks that hinder MAD projects and understand the interrelationships between these risks to identify the core driving risks. IM can be divided into four phases. In the first phase, Idea generation, participants were asked through a survey to define their role and list the risks they perceive as most important within their environment. The second phase, Idea clarification, was actioned through online video calls where participants discussed the risks to get a shared understanding of each risk. The third phase, Idea structuring, was also executed through online video calls where participants agreed on the relationships that exist between each risk through pair-to-pair comparison using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) software. The final phase, Interpretation, required participants to review the interpretive structural model and agree on the core risks that mainly negatively impact MAD projects. Research finding - The research revealed three core risks that significantly lead to other risks that will negatively impact MAD projects and environments within the context of this study. These risks include ‘Lack of platform knowledge', ‘Poor team skills and capabilities', and ‘Poor quality and observability of data/analytics to understand user behaviour'. Value of the research – This research contributes to the following: 1) Risks that are identified and prioritised as dominant risks can be compared to the lists from existing studies that aimed to highlight unique risks in MAD projects, 2) By understanding the inter-relationships between risks, a few root causes/risk drivers can be highlighted which should receive more attention throughout the project, 3) By adopting a systemic approach, it helps to reveal context-specific issues which may not be available in existing literature, and 4) The collaborative learning nature of the IM approach adds to research on the sustainability of complex MAD projects implemented in pluralist and coercive environments.
Open Access
An Analysis of Project Risk Factors for Donor Funded Projects and Programs in the Health Sector in Zimbabwe
(2020) Buhlungu, Simbarashe; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
Like many developing nations, the health sector in Zimbabwe is not adequately funded and has for many years complemented its tight budget with external funding and development assistance (MOHCC, 2016: 11). External funding comes from various partners in the form of donor funds or international development assistance. According to the Ministry of Health and Child Care, for the year 2012, more than 40% of health sector funding was through development assistance (MOHCC, 2016: 11). That corresponds to a dollar value of approximately US$428 million. Since then, the country has continued to face challenges, which implies that current figures for external funding could be at similar levels or higher. In the 2017 budget, development partners were projected to contribute a collective figure of US$229.8 million, complementing US$318.4 million that was partly allocated from the budget and partly raised through user fees (US$281.9 million budget allocation, US$36.5 million user fees) (MOFED, 2016: 86). This would put the proportion of development aid at approximately 42% of the projected expenditure in 2017 (the 2017 budget did not account for the contribution of other levies such as AIDS Levy that usually contribute towards the budget). For 2018, the national budget projected total health expenditure to amount to US$729.4 million, made up of US$489.8 million from budget appropriations and levy funds and US$239.6 million from development partners (MOFED, 2017: 142). These figures show that development aid was projected to constitute approximately 33% of health expenditure in 2018. The national budget accounts for monetary and quantifiable support. Development assistance also comes in non-monetary forms such as equipment, drugs, technical assistance and other sponsored projects whose real value is sometimes not captured by budgets or is just difficult to quantify. When looking at development aid, these forms of support also have to be taken into consideration. This could mean that the real figures for development support may be higher than reflected in budgets. The figures above underscore the importance of development aid hence the need to ensure that it is effectively utilised. 9 Development aid is project oriented business (Ika et al., 2010: 63). Donor funds are commonly channelled into specific purpose programs and projects aimed at achieving specific results in the health sector. This is the common practise with most international development assistance provided to developing countries, it is availed and managed through projects (Diallo and Thuillier, 2005: 237).
Open Access
An exploration of corporate real estate management outsourcing practices in South Africa
(2018) Modise, Tapiwa P; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
Purpose – The considerations of non-real estate private organisations in South Africa when outsourcing their corporate real estate management (CREM) functions are examined. The investigation seeks to determine the elements that impact the decision to outsource CREM functions; the characteristics looked for in service providers and if there is a mismatch between what corporate entities desire from CREM outsourcing and what service providers deliver. Design – The study is grounded on a broad analysis of the literature globally and locally; as well as data collected through semi-structured interviews to build four (4) case studies; to gather information about a small set of organisations, within the Johannesburg Metropolitan area of South Africa, on their CREM outsourcing activities. Inductive content analysis will be used to analyse the data collected. Findings – All the organisations outsource parts of their CREM. However, the incidence of CREM outsourcing has neither increased nor decreased in the last three (3) years. Four (4) CREM services are outsourced; facilities management is the most frequently outsourced, followed by subject matter expertise in second and real estate management and transaction management in joint third. The majority of the organisations adhere to a global outsourcing strategy, as opposed to a local or no strategy. Correspondingly, the majority of the organisations have a formal guideline. Seven (7) motives or drivers for CREM outsourcing were uncovered. Access to technical expertise and flexibility were both in first place, followed by cost savings and lack of internal resources in joint second and access to local expertise, focus on core business value chain activities and risk mitigation in shared third. South African organisations identify service providers through four (4) mechanisms: firstly a request for proposals (advertising), direct approach in second and associate recommendations and third-party search in joint third. Seventeen (17) characteristics were identified that influence the selection of a service provider. Of greatest weight is references/reputation, relevant experience, the amount of fee charged and technical expertise in joint first. In joint second; local experience, understanding the client’s organisation, flexible service terms, integrity of approach, regulatory compliance and business values and ethos. This is followed by service provider capacity, individual capability, unconflicted, strong management capability, transparency, strong advisory capability and trust in shared third. The majority of the organisations judged CREM outsourcing successful and twelve (12) attributes were identified that impact the success of CREM outsourcing. Strong advisory capability dominated the list, followed by understanding the client’s organisation and technical expertise in mutual second place. In shared third place, unconflicted, strong management capability, professional integrity, market knowledge value-add, delivering the pledged service, flexible service terms, responsiveness, cost savings and transparency. Practical Implications – A strengthened and grounded understanding of the considerations of non-real estate private organisations in South Africa within the process of CREM outsourcing, will provide an empirical foundation upon which service providers may base their strategic positioning within the local market.
Open Access
Delay Factors Experienced in the Medupi Power Station Project: A Unique or Common Case?
(2023) Gichuki, Mariah; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
The Medupi power station project was initiated to address the shortfall of power supply experienced in South Africa since the year 2008. The project which is comprised of six units each with a generating capacity of 794MW commenced construction in the year 2007 and was planned to be completed in the year 2012. However, the project experienced delays of more than nine years with construction completion being achieved in the year 2021 according to information on the official Eskom website. This delay has contributed to the frustration expressed by public and the industry in Eskom's implemented power rationing on various occasions during peak supply periods to stabilize the national grid. The primary aim of this research is to determine the factors that contributed to the delays experienced on the project. The secondary aim of this research is to determine whether the delay factors experienced on the Medupi power station project are unique or common to the delay factors experienced in other construction projects around the world. A qualitative case study methodology was selected for this research due to its applicability in the investigation of a ring fenced unit or phenomenon(Merriam and Tisdell, 2015). To achieve the primary aim of the research, data collection was done through open ended interviews with six project participants from the client and contractors' sides, the objective was to gain a detailed description of the delay factors from the perspective of the parties involved in the project. The interviews were conducted and recorded through the Microsoft Teams video conferencing facility. The interview data was transcribed and thereafter analysed and coded using the NVivo software. Thematic analysis of the interview data identified a total of eight delay factors that were experienced on the Medupi power station project. These delay factors include Insufficient Front- end Planning, Lack of skills and experience, Quality issues, Labour unrest, Unproductivity and lack of motivation to complete project, low processing of documentation, Conflict between project parties, and Political Pressure. A comparison of the delay factors on other similar construction projects around the world documented in existing literature reviewed by the author to those identified in the interview data indicated that Political pressure and Lack of Engineering skills delay factors are not documented in reviewed literature and are therefore noted as unique to the Medupi power station project. The findings of this research could serve as important lessons learnt to be considered by project managers in mitigating delays in future projects.
Open Access
Factors causing delay of modification projects at Koeberg Power Station
(2016) Ntoyanto, Sikholiwe; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
Project delays are common in construction projects, and at Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, modification and outage projects are not exempted from these delays. Subsequently, these project delays have a detrimental effect on the Eskom organization in terms of its mandate to supply electricity to promote and boost the South African economy. Therefore, timely project delivery within the Eskom business is of paramount importance in ensuring the utility honours its mandate. The aim of this research study is to identify factors and that influence untimely delivery of plant system modification projects which at times affect the timely delivery of outage projects at Koeberg Power Station. The research study focuses on the following objectives: (i) identification of factors contributing to untimely delivery of plant system modification projects at Koeberg Power Station, (ii) analysis of identified factors to determine the main determinants of untimely delivery of plant system modification projects, (iii) assessing whether a gap or correlation exists between the factors identified through the study and the factors the project management fraternity believe to have a significant contribution to the untimely delivery of projects, and (iv) to recommend mitigating measures that Koeberg Power Station may consider in addressing the consequences of identified project delay factors on modification projects. Through the use of interactive management research methodology, a total of 92 identified project delay factors were reduced to 21 principal project delay factors that form part of the interpretive structural model. The results of the research study show that the main determinant of modification project delays at Koeberg Power Station is the "proficiency of a project manager". Proficiency of a project manager relates to the ability of a project manager to accomplish the required project tasks based on his or her skills, competency, and experience within the project management field. Inadequate proficiency of a project manager was found to be the major cause of modification delays at Koeberg Power Station. Proficiency of a project manager could not be directly matched with other project delay factors identified from the reviewed literature, but it could be matched with the "poor professional management" identified by Fugar and Agyakwah-Baah (2010). In addition, the matching of "proficiency of a project manager" project delay factor could also be established through other project delay factors identified by this study. These include poor leadership, competency, and skill of a project manager in communication, planning, coordination, risk management, and scope management. The study found that, a total of 9 out of 21 project delay factors identified are unique to Koeberg Power Station.
Open Access
Identification of Project Risk Factors in a South African Train Manufacturing Project
(2023) Foli, Elizabeth; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
The South African train manufacturing industry has been dormant over the past 40 years, resulting in a decline in the industry. Undertaking a project to manufacture new trains for the country, a South African train manufacturing company is faced with many challenges that pose as risks to the project's success. These include challenges in economics, infrastructure, skills, value chain/supplier base, etc. This research aims to identify project risk factors in this South African train manufacturing project considering the nature of the project environment. Using a phenomenological approach to qualitative research, interviews were conducted with 11 participants to identify project risk. A questionnaire was then conducted to determine which risks were as a result of the South African environment. A total of 25 project risk factors were identified. The top risk factors included risks related to the supplier's capacity to support the project, the project's ability to fulfil contractual obligations, risks brought about by employee competence, and risks related to project finance. The most significant project risk factor was the inability of suppliers to meet the project capacity demands. This risk was also found to be as a result of the South African environment. The research results can be used as a basis/reference for risk identification in future train manufacturing projects in similar environments, as well as to guide local government's efforts in improving the industry. Potential further studies could consider risk relationships and the impacts of those relationships on the project.
Open Access
Identification of the Critical Success Factors for Export-Oriented Agro-Processing Projects in Ethiopia
(2022) Abay, Teferi; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
The study aims to identify Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and their relationships in Ethiopian export-oriented agro-processing projects, using an Interactive Qualitative Analysis methodology (IQA). The CSFs identified and discussed in the study include Quality and Continuous Supply of Raw Material, Availability of Transportation Infrastructure and Systems, Sufficient Storage Capacity for Raw Material, State of the Art Capital Goods, Quality Intermediate Goods, Available Skilled Labour, Availability of Credit, Large Processing Capacity, Favourable Foreign Trade Policy, Sufficient Working Capital, Advanced Market Intelligence on Trends, Competition, and Industry. Furthermore, the study identifies the (cause and effect) relationship between the identified Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and creates System Influence Diagram (SID) to demonstrate this relationship. This research paper presents significant recommendations for developing future export-oriented agro-processing projects based on the findings.
Open Access
Identification of the critical success factors for public-funded R&D projects in South Africa
(2019) Mkhize, Bahle; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
South Africa (SA) is classified as a middle-income emerging market, with the most resource-rich economy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SAccess, 2012). Its Research and Development (R&D) journey is characterised by a history of imbalances and oppression. Since the introduction of SA’s National R&D Strategy, recorded government R&D spending has been on the rise. However, the success rate for public-funded R&D projects has neither been satisfactory nor readily exposed for all to see. Factors considered critical for project success are largely contextual and tend to differ per project and industry. There appears to be no general consensus among scholars and authors on the common factors deemed critical in influencing the success of public-funded R&D projects. In SA, such factors still remain a mystery for further exploration. This research study sought to develop a model that will assist in achieving two key objectives, namely to identify the Critical Success Factors (CSF) of public-funded R&D projects in SA, as well as to exhume possible interrelationships between the identified critical success factors. This paper argues for a systemic and structure-based holistic approach and adopts Warfield’s Interactive Management (IM) in its endeavour to identify those factors that are deemed critical in the successful implementation of public-funded R&D projects in SA. The methodology comprises three key phases: a planning phase; a workshop phase; as well as a follow-up phase. The planning phase is a foundational phase that lays the basis and a plan for the ensuing two phases. The workshop, also known as the conversation phase, could be conceptualised as a process for building patterned interactions among the participants. It is in this phase that a relationship model, in the form of a diagraph, is constructed. The follow-up phase is the last phase and involves the implementation of the results to prove validity of solutions proposed in the workshop phase. However, since this last phase falls outside the scope of this paper, it has been excluded. Through the application of the IM methodology, a total of 35 identified CSFs were reduced to 23 key to formulate the CSF relationship model using the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM). Based on the model results, the study is concluded by identifying “Product market viability” and “Executive management support” as the two primary success factors that are most significant and have the greatest leverage to influence other factors towards the successful completion of public-funded R&D projects in SA.
Open Access
Identifying delay factors in electrical distribution projects at Eskom Northern Cape Operating Unit
(2017) Ntshangase, Bonga; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
Delays on electrical engineering projects are a phenomenon at Eskom distribution due to a wide range of causes. These project delays result in Eskom to contravene with Electricity Regulation Act 4 of 2006 in terms of providing efficient, effective and sustainable operation of electricity supply infrastructure, promoting the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency as well as to facilitate universal access to electricity for South African consumers (Gazette, 2006). Eskom strives to comply with the Electricity Regulation Act by initiating and implementing strengthening projects, refurbishment (reliability) projects, direct customer projects, infills projects and electrification projects (Eskom, 2014).The severe delays experienced in the delivery of electrical distribution projects have a negative impact on South African economic growth and population. This research study adopted interactive management methodology for the identification of project delay factors in Eskom distribution projects through the use of the idea writing technique, nominal group technique, and interpretive structural modelling technique. The interactive management methodology allows a group of people collaboratively to develop a structure that defines the relationship among the system elements. Using interactive management approach, a total of one hundred and twelve project delay factors were reduced to twenty six significant project delays which formed part of interpretive structural modelling. This research study revealed the hierarchical model illustrating interrelationships between the twenty six identified project delay factors. The research study identified three root causes of delays in electrical distribution projects at Eskom Northern Cape Operating Unit, namely "poor communication", "poor planning", and "project scheduling not properly done". The three identified root causes can be used as critical points for eradicating delays in electrical distribution projects at Eskom Northern Cape Operating Unit. The research study found that a total of ten out of twenty six project delay factors were unique to electrical distribution projects at Eskom Northern Cape Operating Unit.
Open Access
Identifying factors hindering project success in the South Africa navy
(2018) Theletsane, Kula Ishmael; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
South Africa is a maritime nation with an abundance of natural resources. These resources must be protected and preserved for the economy of the country. This makes the SA Navy a strategic component of South Africa and it must be well resourced to provide appropriate protection. In view of this South Africa has a Navy with a broad range of balanced capabilities as a key component of the National Defence Force in order to support the nation's objectives to project peace or, if necessity, strength, during times of tranquillity or tension. Project management plays a crucial role in ensuring that the Navy has these capabilities. However, project management in the SA Navy is full of challenges. There are a number of factors hindering project success in the SA Navy. These factors must be managed and understood in order to mitigate their impact on project management in the SA Navy. The literature identified various factors hindering project success in the SA Navy. The literature identified and treats these factors individually, however, this study proposes a holistic system based approach to factors hindering project success in the SA Navy and adopts Warfield's Interactive Management (IM) to investigate these factors. Interactive Management is chosen due to the methodology's ability to encourage communication and understanding of the problem among participants as well as to facilitate the examination of the interaction between problem elements. The end product of the Interactive Management methodology is the graph depicting the interaction or relationship between elements. Through the Interactive Management, this study identified six key factors hindering project success in the SA Navy namely, "Lack of top management support", "Lack of technical expertise by project managers", "Too much control from superiors", "High turnover rate of project officers", "Complexity of design" and "Inability to attract and retain talent". These are the key factors that must be addressed in order to ensure success in SA Navy projects.
Open Access
Identifying the critical success factors in the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in the Zimbabwe electricity energy sector
(2021) Chipanga, Fibian; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
The study identified CSFs and their prioritisation in ERP implementations in the Zimbabwean electricity energy sector context. This research paper discusses key recommendations for improving future Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementations based on insights from an exploratory qualitative single case study in the Zimbabwean electricity sector. The design was an interpretive case study research with the data collected using face to face and telephonically interviews from eighteen participants belonging to four project role groups of project managers, module owners, supper (key) users and end users. The researcher conducted in depth interviews with four role groups. The following critical success factors were identified and discussed: Business Plan and Vision, Business Process Reengineering, Change Management, Communication, ERP System selection, ERP Team composition and competence, External Expertise, IT Infrastructure, Project Management, Top Management Support and Commitment, Training and Education, User Involvement and Vendor Support. The findings from this study can be used to contribute additional insight on the implementation of ERP systems in the electricity energy sector in the Zimbabwean context. This paper is significant because identification and prioritisation of critical success factors help organisations institute appropriate strategies to enhance the successful implementation of ERP system and increase the realisation of the benefits of ERP systems. Management must be able to use the rankings of the CSFs for resource allocation and improved human management.
Open Access
Integrating project management and change management to reduce information and technology (it) project failure. A soft systems methodology (ssm) enquiry into a failing it project at UNHCR, South Africa.
(2020) Chimwe, Tapera; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
Background to the study – The continued failure of Information and Technology (IT) projects has generated a lot of interest in literature in recent times despite huge capital investments into the industry. However, the failure is not only attributed to technical deficiencies but there is a growing realization, in literature, that there is a social dimension to the issue, one in which, presumably, traditional project managers do not have adequate skills in. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) IT Manager, intends to introduce a new IT system but is faced with mutinous behavior by the users towards the project rendering it a possible failure. Purpose: It is the purpose of this study, to explore the possibility of equipping the project manager with the change management skill of communication using an appropriate methodology to see if this will bring about an improvement to the problem situation. Design/methodology/approach – The study takes an Action research approach, where the researcher is also a participant, using Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to investigate the problem situation. The study deals with a fuzzy, non-linear problem with unclear objectives and users with different perspectives to the situation hence the appropriateness of SSM to the study. This is an Interpretive study that employs qualitative techniques for data collection in the form of interviews and observation. Data analysis is done through comparison of SSM model and the real world. Findings – To avoid possible user resistance to the introduction of new IT system, the project manager needs to ensure the users have a shared view and buy-in into the project. User participation in the decision-making process of the project throughout the life of the project ensures the users claim part-ownership to the project thereby reducing resistance. Recommendations – Training of the users, understanding their concerns, allowing the users to participate in decision making, consultation, debate, dialog, and finally incorporating these actions into implementing the project. These are actions that the project manager needs to take to improve the problematical situation. Practical Implications – This study gives insights on possible solutions to the continued reality of IT projects failure. Exploring the social side of IT projects and bringing in the dimension of possible integration of project management and change management disciplines brings an added perspective to the body of knowledge.
Open Access
Towards an interactive management approach to performance improvement in bureaucratic organization
(2002) Tuan, Nien-Tsu; Ryan, Tom
Organization science is not a new discipline. However, it persistently attracts many researchers to explore new concepts for coping with the increasing complexity in our society. The exploration is in transition, from mechanistic doctrine to systemic and humanistic notions. The mechanistic view is still prevailing and playing a dominant role, but, owing to its increasing critics, appeals for renovation of mechanistic principle incessantly arise. The tendency induces diversified approaches for intervening in the situation of bureaucratic context. This research investigates the features of organization from three angles - on the one hand, the structure and process (functional) aspects, and on the other, the purposeful behaviour of humans. Many works see the three components as separate, and deal with them accordingly. However, we contend that the three aspects are interrelated and that they should be integrated. The integration suggests that multiple views of organization are adequate because it embodies the attributes of purposeful behaviour and functional characteristics. Problems within an organization can be seen as the mutual influence of these parts. They can mutually aggravate and impede the performance of an organization. On the one hand, we contend that bureaucratic organization is inadequate, owing to its fragility in functional components of processing information to adapt to environment change. On the other hand, its rigid essence causes an inability to deal with human dimension problems. The problematical elements present a systemic relation. In turn, we attempt to explore the essence of organization's complex problems. The exploration concludes that both complexity and problems are cognitive phenomena. The illustrations suggest that the unearthing of organization problems should be grounded in the 'interaction' and 'consensus' 'model interchanging' of stakeholders. Based on this idea, we propose an intervention framework for diagnosing pathological pattern within bureaucratic organization. The framework is applied to one of South Africa's biggest local governments (the City of Tygerberg). The research result shows that the most significant problem within the City of Tygerberg is in the information-processing subsystem- associator. Besides, the 'mental pathology' locates on the 'sink' stage of the structured problem model.
Open Access
Understanding the risk in South African construction projects - a case of the Western Cape
(2018) Rwelamila, Esther Kagemulo; Tuan, Nien-Tsu
Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the risk in South African construction projects that affect the achievement of objectives, with respect to time, cost and quality. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive review of Risk management and construction risks in South Africa and abroad was conducted. This was followed by a review of construction risks in the Western Cape from a perspective, using the Repertory Grid Analysis Technique (RGT) methodology. The results of the RGT were then analysed against the preceding literature to draw inferences and conclusions. Findings: This study has provided insight to the risks that hinder the realisation of project objectives in the Western Cape, through the Triad and Elicitation process of the Repertory Grid Technique. The identified risks were categorized in groups based on their similarity and the groups ranked in order of frequency and importance as follows: labour, material, selected subcontractor, programme and scheduling and client. Originality/Value: The research represents one of the few attempts to understand construction risks utilising the RGT, thus forming a valued contribution to the project management database.

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